The dynamic response of soil to vibrations induced by moving trains has been widely studied using in situ measurements. However, few in situ tests have been conducted to measure the resulting vibration of foundation soils, especially for the foundation of high-speed rail (HSR) in a soft area. In this study, a number of field experiments were conducted on Shanghai–Hangzhou HSR in a suburb of Shanghai, China. The testing instruments were installed in foundation soils just beneath the HSR track to measure the vibration induced by trains moving at different speeds. Test results show the frequencies of foundation soil vibration are characterized by the train speed and geometrical features of the trains and slab track. In the frequency domain, the dominant frequency bands for vertical acceleration, velocity, and displacement of foundation soil decrease successively. In the time domain, the magnitudes of vibration levels at different locations in a soil foundation decrease gradually with increasing distance from the track. Furthermore, higher train speed can result in higher vibration level. Based on the field conditions, a three-dimensional dynamic finite–infinite element model is developed in the time domain. It shows the model is capable of capturing the primary characteristics of train-induced vibration in the field.
