36.4 THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS: MOLECULAR AND PHYSIOLOGIC MODELS OF TRACKING THE IMPACT OF EARLY ADVERSITY WITHIN AND ACROSS GENERATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. S322
Author(s):  
Stacy S. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Early Adversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Physiologic Models

Early Adversity and Neurodevelopment

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-336
Author(s):  
Raissa Miller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
School Based ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Early Life Events ◽  
The Impact

This chapter addresses the impact of early childhood adversity on the developing brain and nervous system. The author provides a critical review of the Adverse Childhood Experiences study and expands the concept of early adversity to include systemic and environmental stressors and a focus on resilience in addition to potential pathology. Particular focus is given to reviewing contemporary neuroscience research on the influence of negative early life events, including impacts on brain structure, function, connectivity, epigenetic processes, and inflammation. The author identifies overarching findings while also acknowledging limitations of the current science and the difficulties inherent in practitioners' translating primary brain research into school-based interventions. Some ideas for practical applications of the science are provided.

scholarly journals Beyond the looking glass: recent advances in understanding the impact of environmental exposures on neuropsychiatric disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Hollander ◽  
Deborah A. Cory-Slechta ◽  
Felice N. Jacka ◽  
Steven T. Szabo ◽  
Tomás R. Guilarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Looking Glass

Through the Rule of Law Looking Glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-334
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Burci ◽  
Jennifer Hasselgård-Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Affect States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Regulations ◽  
Looking Glass

Abstract Transposing rule of law principles from the national to the international level, in particular to international organizations, still raises questions and can be problematic. However, rule of law considerations play an important role when international organizations exercise a substantial amount of public authority and may directly affect states as well as individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO), unlike other international organizations, has a constitutional mandate to prevent and respond to international acute emergencies in the form of disease outbreaks and pandemics. Its main normative tool is the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), that represent a breakthrough from past instruments but also raise questions and challenges that can be effectively analyzed from a rule of law perspective. This approach applies in particular to ambiguities in important parts of the IHR affecting their relevance and effectiveness; lack of clarity for processes leading to sensitive executive decisions; the absence of compliance assessment mechanisms resulting in lack of accountability for states parties; and an inadequate inclusion of human rights guarantees. The analysis is extended beyond WHO’s functions, to the impact of COVID-19 on the organization’s governance as well as its internal management.

The Panopticon Effect: the surveillance of police officers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Vickers ◽  
Philip Birch ◽  
Sally Gallovic ◽  
Michael Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Looking Glass

Purpose – Police officers from a police force in Australia were interviewed about the types and level of surveillance they experience in their work, with the recognition of technology contributing to an increased level of such. The concept of the Panopticon and the Looking-Glass Self offer useful frameworks for understanding the experiences of those police officers interviewed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Based on 14 in-depth unstructured interviews with police officers, this study is an exploratory piece of research. Findings – This study presents findings in which police officers spoke of the surveillance they encounter from the perspective of the police organisation; their own self-surveillance as well as being monitored by other police officers. This paper argues that the Panopticon Effect can negatively impact on individual officers as well as overall police practice. Originality/value – This paper is an exploratory study based on the experiences of rank and file police officers currently in service. The paper considers the surveillance and scrutiny of police officers from within the organisation and recognises the impact of technology.

Measuring Early Life Adversity across the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Berman ◽  
Katie A McLaughlin ◽  
Nim Tottenham ◽  
Kieth Godfrey ◽  
Teresa E. Seeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations in numerous physical and mental health outcomes across the life-course. The biological embedding of early experience during periods of developmental plasticity is one pathway that contributes to these associations. While a rich literature documents associations between early adversity and key outcomes in childhood and early adulthood, little research investigates the impact of adversity on processes of health and wellbeing in later life. This lack of research impairs progress as the strong theoretical prediction of early embedding models is that the impact of early adversity will be observed throughout the lifespan, even into late life. Recently articulated dimensional models (e.g., McLaughlin et al., 2021) specify mechanistic pathways linking different dimensions of adversity to health and wellbeing outcomes later in life. While findings from existing studies testing these dimensions have provided promising preliminary support for these models, less agreement exists about how to measure the experiences that comprise each dimension. Here we review existing approaches to measuring two dimensions of adversity: threat and deprivation. We recommend specific measures for measuring these constructs and, when possible, document when the same measure can be used by different reporters and across the lifespan to maximize the utility with which these recommendations can be applied. Through this approach we hope to stimulate progress in understanding how particular dimensions of early adversity exposure contribute to outcomes in late life.

Exploring Patient Motivations and Impact of Asian Blepharoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Pauline P. Huynh ◽  
Masaru Ishii ◽  
Michelle Juarez ◽  
Nicholas Fung ◽  
Kristin Bater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Physician Patient ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceived Outcomes ◽  
Looking Glass

AbstractTo date, patient motivations for Asian blepharoplasty and the surgery's impact on quality of life have not been quantified. Here, we employed structured interviews and a web-based survey to better characterize patient motivations for Asian blepharoplasty and the impact of Asian blepharoplasty on self-reported domains of happiness, self-esteem, attractiveness, social life, and professional life. Structured interviews were conducted to inform a web-based survey regarding Asian blepharoplasty. Survey respondents used visual analog scales to rate their satisfaction with their eye shape, motivations for undergoing Asian blepharoplasty, and perceived outcomes after surgery. A total of 315 participants (mean 25.7 [18–58] years) of East or Southeast Asian descent were included. 185 participants expressed no desire for Asian blepharoplasty, 76 expressed some desire, and 54 had already undergone surgery. There were statistically significant differences regarding baseline satisfaction, perceived social limitation, and perceived professional limitations regarding eye shape (p < 0.0001). The Looking Glass Self index (comprised of media exposure, low self-esteem, and negative stereotypes related to eye shape) is negatively associated with preoperative satisfaction with eye shape (rho = −0.29, p < 0.01). The desire for social-professional advancement and the Looking Glass Self index significantly predict self-reported improvements in professional and social life, respectively (both p < 0.01). Asian blepharoplasty may be driven by functional, social, or economic patient motivations. Some patients may see Asian blepharoplasty as a potential solution for sociological concerns. These expectations should be further explored in physician–patient discussions regarding candidacy for surgery and establishing expectations for postoperative outcomes.

scholarly journals Through the looking glass… into wonderland and beyond!

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Maree Pope
Keyword(s):  
School Library ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Learning Culture ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Work Passion

For school libraries to thrive they need to be reimaged often and well. Without vision we walk in darkness and eventually our libraries will become irrelevant and die. With a strong vision, careful planning, hard work, passion, perseverance and determination we can all transform our libraries into exciting learning places now and for the future … and we can do it on a shoestring! This presentation follows the transformational journey of one school library, outlines the steps taken and shares the impact this has had on the positive, engaging learning culture of the school.

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