Application of solar quiet day (Sq) current in determining mantle electrical-depth conductivity structure – A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca N. Okeke ◽  
Daniel N. Obiora

An investigation is made into the excitation of large-scale atmospheric oscillations by the direct absorption of incoming solar radiation by atmospheric ozone. The atmospheric temperature profile is chosen to agree favourably with the main features of the observed temperature distribution, particularly as regards the maximum around the 50 km height; this distribution is shown to be non-resonant as far as the solar semidiurnal component is concerned. The excited solar diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal pressure oscillations are computed and we find that although the largest Fourier component in the heating is the diurnal term , the tide it excites is small in keeping with observation. On the other hand, the excited semidiurnal oscillation is much larger than that due to any previously considered thermal mechanism . It is found that the main semidiurnal and terdiurnal tides generated by the direct absorption of insolation by ozone as calculated in the present work, together with published results regarding water vapour absorption, can adequately account for the observed values at ground level. The seasonal variations of the semi and terdiurnal tides are also calculated and these agree extremely well with observation. Finally, the change of phase of 180° in the vertical distribution of the solar semidiurnal oscillation, which is expected from the analysis of the quiet day magnetic variation, is accounted for in the present work.


Author(s):  
Irene Gammel

Born Erich Paul Remark in Osnabrück, Germany, Erich Maria Remarque is best known for his influential anti-war novel Im Westen nichts Neues (1929, All Quiet on the Western Front). First serialized in the Vossische Zeitung in 1928, All Quiet was launched with an unprecedented advertising campaign. Hailed as ‘the great war novel’, the book spawned a world-wide readership with translations into over twenty-five languages, and a film (directed by Lewis Milestone) in 1930. Written within just a few months in 1927, All Quiet on the Western Front toys with autobiographical references. The protagonist Paul Bäumer is a nineteen-year old war veteran whose seemingly non-consequential death in October 1918, on a ‘quiet’ day on the Western front, stands for the shared fate of millions of soldiers obscured by the unprecedented violence and horror of World War I. Remarque changed his name after the war, dropping his middle name Paul, and adopting his mother’s name, Maria, while also Gallicizing the spelling of his last name, thereby blurring national boundaries.


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