Long-Term Effects on Pulmonary Function in Patients Post-Fontan Operation

The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SOLDERING FUMES UPON RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene ◽

10.1093/annhyg/35.3.299 ◽

1991 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Long Term Effects

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More complaints than findings - Long-term pulmonary function in children and adolescents after COVID-19

10.1101/2021.06.22.21259273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leona Knoke ◽

Anne Schlegtendal ◽

Christoph Maier ◽

Lynn Eitner ◽

Thomas Luecke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Abnormal Pulmonary Function

Background: The frequency of persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults varies from 4.5% to 87%. Pulmonary function can also show long-term impairment in adults: 10% of hospitalised adults had reduced spirometry values, and 24% had decreased diffusion capacity. To date, only preliminary evidence is available on persistent respiratory sequelae in children and adolescents, therefore our objective was to examine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in this age group. Methods: Multiple-breath washout, body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity testing were performed after an average of 2.6 months (range 0.4-6.0) following COVID-19 in 73 children and adolescents (age 5-18 years) with different disease severity. Cases were compared to 45 controls with and without infection within six months prior to assessment after exclusion of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2). Results: Of the 19 patients (27.1%) who complained about persistent or newly emerged symptoms since COVID-19, 8 (11.4%) reported respiratory symptoms. Comparing patients with COVID-19 to controls, no significant differences were detected in frequency of abnormal pulmonary function (COVID-19: 12, 16.4%; controls: 12, 27.7%; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.22-1.34). Only two patients with persistent respiratory symptoms showed abnormal pulmonary function. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.045) in patients with severe infection regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: Pulmonary function is rarely impaired in children and adolescents after COVID-19, except of those with severe infection. The discrepancy between persistent respiratory symptoms and normal pulmonary function suggests a different underlying pathology such as dysfunctional breathing.

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Aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis against AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and its short- and long-term effects on pulmonary function in the Japanese

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1007/s10156-003-0231-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 178-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mitsuru Konishi ◽

Eiichiro Yoshimoto ◽

Ken Takahashi ◽

Kenji Uno ◽

Kei Kasahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia ◽

Pneumocystis Carinii ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Aerosolized Pentamidine ◽

Short And Long Term

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Acute and Long-Term Effects of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Smoke on the Respiratory System of the Baboon and a Comparison with the Effects of Hydrogen Chloride (HCl

Journal of Fire Sciences ◽

10.1177/073490419301100602 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 485-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harold L. Kaplan ◽

Walter G. Switzer ◽

Robert K. Hinderer ◽

Antonio Anzueto

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Minute Volume ◽

Papio Cynocephalus ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Arterial Blood Gas ◽

Arterial Blood

The acute and long-term effects of smoke produced by flaming and nonflaming combustion of PVC were investigated in the baboon and com pared with those produced by HCl. Four groups of three anesthetized adult male baboons ( Papio cynocephalus) were exposed for 15 minutes to air (con trols), flaming or nonflaming PVC smoke containing a targeted 5000 ppm con centration of HCl, or to HCl at a targeted concentration of 5000 ppm. The ani mals responded to flaming or nonflaming PVC smoke with an increase in frequency and minute volume, accompanied by decreased arterial pH and PaO2 and increased PaCO2 values. Although pulmonary function tests, CO2 chal lenge tests, or arterial blood gas measurements in PVC smoke-exposed animals showed sporadic differences from controls at 90, 180, or 360 days postexposure, the results did not indicate the development of impaired pulmonary function. These results were consistent with the absence of exposure-related respiratory tract pathology, although an inflammatory cell response was noted in the minor airways of one animal exposed to flaming PVC smoke. The effects of flam ing or nonflaming PVC smoke were generally similar to those of HCl, in dicating that HCl is retained in the upper respiratory tract, even in the pres ence of particulates in smoke.

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Acute Effects of a Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product on Pulmonary Function

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56060292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Athanasia Pataka ◽

Seraphim Kotoulas ◽

Evangelos Chatzopoulos ◽

Ioanna Grigoriou ◽

Konstantinos Sapalidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Expiratory Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

And Diffusion

Background and objectives: During the last decade, conventional tobacco smoking is experiencing a decline and new smoking products have been introduced. IQOS (“I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking”) is a type of “heat-not-burn” (HNB) tobacco product. The impact of IQOS on respiratory health is currently not defined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute effects of IQOS on pulmonary function in non-smokers and current smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male healthy non-smokers and current smokers with no known co-morbidity underwent an exhaled CO measurement, oximetry (SaO2%), pulmonary function tests (flows, volumes and diffusion capacity), and a measurement of respiratory resistances with an impulse oscillometry system (IOS) before and immediately after IQOS use. Results: In the whole group of 50 participants, SaO2%, forced expiratory flow at 25% and 50% of vital capacity (FEF 25%, FEF 50%, respectively), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide/VA (KCO) decreased significantly after IQOS use, whereas exhaled CO and airway resistance (R5 Hz, R10 Hz, r15 Hz, R20 Hz, R25 Hz, R35 Hz) increased. When the groups of smokers and non-smokers were compared, in both groups (all males, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers), exhaled CO increased and SaO2% decreased after IQOS use (p < 0.001). In the group of non-smokers, PEF (pre 8.22 ± 2.06 vs. post 7.5 ± 2.16, p = 0.001) and FEF 25% (pre 7.6 ± 1.89 vs. 7.14 ± 2.06, p = 0.009) decreased significantly; respiratory resistances R20 Hz (pre 0.34 ± 0.1 vs. post 0.36 ± 0.09, p = 0.09) and R25 Hz (pre 0.36 ± 0.1 vs. post 0.38 ± 0.09, p = 0.08) increased almost significantly. In smokers, PEF (pre 7.69 ± 2.26 vs. post 7.12 ± 2.03, p = 0.007) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (pre 1.57 ± 0.76 vs. post1.23 ± 0.48, p = 0.03) decreased and R35 Hz (pre 0.36 ± 0.11 vs. post 0.39 ± 0.11, p = 0.047) increased. The differences in the changes after the use of IQOS did not differ between groups. Conclusions: IQOS had an impact on exhaled CO, SaO2%, and airways function immediately after use. Even though these changes were rather small to be considered of major clinical importance, they should raise concerns regarding the long-term safety of this product. Further research is needed for the short- and long-term effects of IQOS, especially in patients with respiratory disease.

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