Iron requirement in the infection of Salmonella and its relevance to poultry health

ABSTRACT A common form of biocatalysis of Mn(II) oxidation results in the formation of biogenic Mn(III, IV) oxides and is a key reaction in the geochemical cycling of Mn. In this study, we grew the model Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium Leptothrix discophora SS-1 in media with limited iron (0.1 μM iron/5.8 mM pyruvate) and sufficient iron (0.2 μM iron/5.8 mM pyruvate). The influence of iron on the rate of extracellular Mn(II) oxidation was evaluated. Cultures in which cell growth was limited by iron exhibited reduced abilities to oxidize Mn(II) compared to cultures in medium with sufficient iron. While the extracellular Mn(II)-oxidizing factor (MOF) is thought to be a putative multicopper oxidase, Mn(II) oxidation in the presence of zero added Cu(II) was detected and the decrease in the observed Mn(II) oxidation rate in iron-limited cultures was not relieved when the medium was supplemented with Cu(II). The decline of Mn(II) oxidation under iron-limited conditions was not accompanied by siderophore production and is unlikely to be an artifact of siderophore complex formation with Mn(III). The temporal variations in mofA gene transcript levels under conditions of limited and abundant iron were similar, indicating that iron limitation did not interfere with the transcription of the mofA gene. Our quantitative PCR results provide a step forward in understanding the regulation of Mn(II) oxidation. The mechanistic role of iron in Mn(II) oxidation is uncertain; the data are consistent with a direct requirement for iron as a component of the MOF or an indirect effect of iron resulting from the limitation of one of many cellular functions requiring iron.

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Distinctive iron requirement of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase: TPH1 requires dissociable ferrous iron

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.045 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 338 (1) ◽

pp. 277-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Hasegawa ◽

Arata Ichiyama

Keyword(s):

Ferrous Iron ◽

Iron Requirement

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Relation of Menstrual Losses to Iron Requirement

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/s0002-8223(21)29674-0 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 217-220

Author(s):

Ruth Frenchman ◽

Frances A. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Iron Requirement

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An estimation of dietary iron requirement of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr

Aquaculture Nutrition ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2095.1996.tb00006.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 41-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

F. ANDERSEN ◽

A. MAAGE ◽

K. JULSHAMN

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Iron Requirement

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Characterization of iron deficiency and the dietary iron requirement of fingerling channel catfish

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/0044-8486(86)90143-2 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Delbert M. Gatlin ◽

Robert P. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Channel Catfish ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Iron Requirement

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Iron in pregnancy and breastfeeding

10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0020 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Sir Peter Gluckman ◽

Mark Hanson ◽

Chong Yap Seng ◽

Anne Bardsley

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Motor Deficits ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Iron Stores ◽

Iron Requirement ◽

Very High ◽

Additional Iron

Iron requirements increase approximately 2.5-fold by the end of pregnancy, representing the largest relative increase in nutrient requirements for pregnant women. The total additional iron requirement in the third trimester is 9#amp;#x2013;12 mg/day above pre-pregnancy needs, and even with this additional intake, women need to enter pregnancy with iron stores of approximately 500 mg to be able to fully meet the demands of pregnancy. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia is therefore very high among pregnant women and can result in cognitive and motor deficits in the infant that may be irreversible. Prevention of deficiency is therefore critical. Building sufficient iron stores prior to conception is preferable, as it is difficult to obtain adequate iron from diet alone to meet late pregnancy requirements. Iron supplementation of 30 mg/day should be considered, particularly if dietary intake of meat is low.

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