This chapter provides a synthesis, on a scale that has not been attempted before, across both the eastern and western Mediterranean, of the picture provided by ceramic data, using amphorae, finewares, and cookwares, for long-distance trade from the second to seventh centuries AD. The chapter examines the degree to which exchange in different products spanned the entire Mediterranean, or only particular basins within it, at different periods, and traces the evolution of regional exchange networks. It examines the impact of state-driven supply both for imperial Rome, and for the military annona in the early Byzantine period, on wider private trade circuits.