The head is an excellent proxy for the whole body center of mass when measuring running velocity in competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 110399
Author(s):  
Brian Hanley ◽  
Athanassios Bissas ◽  
Stéphane Merlino
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Center

Does the anthropometric model influence whole-body center of mass calculations in gait?

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Catena ◽  
Szu-Hua Chen ◽  
Li-Shan Chou
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Center

scholarly journals Relationships of mass properties and body proportions to locomotor habit in terrestrial Archosauria

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-568
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bishop ◽  
Karl T. Bates ◽  
Vivian R. Allen ◽  
Donald M. Henderson ◽  
Marcela Randau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Volumetric Models ◽  
Mass Properties ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Body Center ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints ◽  
Mass Position ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

AbstractThroughout their 250 Myr history, archosaurian reptiles have exhibited a wide array of body sizes, shapes, and locomotor habits, especially in regard to terrestriality. These features make Archosauria a useful clade with which to study the interplay between body size, shape, and locomotor behavior, and how this interplay may have influenced locomotor evolution. Here, digital volumetric models of 80 taxa are used to explore how mass properties and body proportions relate to each other and locomotor posture in archosaurs. One-way, nonparametric, multivariate analysis of variance, based on the results of principal components analysis, shows that bipedal and quadrupedal archosaurs are largely distinguished from each other on the basis of just four anatomical parameters (p < 0.001): mass, center of mass position, and relative forelimb and hindlimb lengths. This facilitates the development of a quantitative predictive framework that can help assess gross locomotor posture in understudied or controversial taxa, such as the crocodile-line Batrachotomus (predicted quadruped) and Postosuchus (predicted biped). Compared with quadrupedal archosaurs, bipedal species tend to have relatively longer hindlimbs and a more caudally positioned whole-body center of mass, and collectively exhibit greater variance in forelimb lengths. These patterns are interpreted to reflect differing biomechanical constraints acting on the archosaurian Bauplan in bipedal versus quadrupedal groups, which may have shaped the evolutionary histories of their respective members.

scholarly journals Discover Your Potential: The Influence of Kinematics on a Muscle’s Ability to Contribute to the Sit-to-Stand Transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Roelker ◽  
Laura C. Schmitt ◽  
Ajit M.W. Chaudhari ◽  
Robert A. Siston
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
New Method ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Vertical Support ◽  
Anterior Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Body Center

AbstractExisting methods for estimating how individual muscles contribute to a movement require extensive time and experimental resources. In this study we developed an efficient method for determining how changes to lower extremity joint kinematics affect the potential of individual muscles to contribute to whole-body center-of-mass vertical (support) and anteroposterior (progression) accelerations. A 4-link 2-dimensional model was used to assess the effect of kinematic changes on muscle function. Joint kinematics were systematically varied throughout ranges observed during the momentum transfer phase of the sit-to-stand transfer. Each muscle’s potential to contribute to support and progression was computed and compared to simulated potentials estimated by traditional dynamic simulation methods for young adults and individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The new method required 4-10s to compute muscle potentials per kinematic state and computed potentials were consistent with simulated potentials. The new method identified differences in muscle potentials between groups due to kinematic differences, particularly decreased anterior pelvic tilt in young adults, and revealed kinematic and muscle strengthening modifications to increase support. The methods presented provide an efficient, systematic approach to evaluate how joint kinematic adjustments alter a muscle’s ability to contribute to movement and can identify potential sources of pathologic movement and rehabilitation strategies.

The effect on gait of an anterior placement of the whole body center of mass

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Weck ◽  
George A. Sisson ◽  
Wendy Prihoda ◽  
Stephen Vankoski ◽  
Claudia Kelp-Lenane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Center

scholarly journals Control of Dynamic Stability During Gait Termination on a Slippery Surface

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Oates ◽  
A. E. Patla ◽  
J. S. Frank ◽  
M. A. Greig
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Gait Termination ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Body Center ◽  
Slippery Surface

There are three common ways by which to successfully terminate gait: decreased acceleration of whole-body center of mass (COM) through a flexor synergy in the trail leg, increased deceleration of whole-body COM through an extensor synergy in the front limb, and an energy/momentum transfer to dissipate any remaining momentum if the first two strategies are unsuccessful. Healthy individuals were asked to stop on a slippery surface while we examined their unexpected response to the slippery surface. Kinetic data from the forceplates revealed lower braking forces in the slip trials compared with normal gait-termination trials. Subjects were unable to control their center of pressure (COP) to manipulate the COM as revealed by increased deviations and maximum absolute ranges of COP movement. Subject COM deviated farther in both horizontal planes and lowered further during the slip compared with normal gait-termination trials. Arm movements were effective in dissipating forward COM movement. In addition, there likely was a transfer of forward to lateral momentum to stop forward progression. All recorded muscle activity in the lower limbs and back increased during the slip to provide support to the lower limbs and correct upright balance. The trailing limb shortened its final step to provide support to the lowering COM. The balance-correction response seen here resembles previous reactions to perturbations during locomotion suggesting there is a generalized strategy employed by the nervous system to correct for disturbances and maintain balance.

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