Success rates of botulinum toxin in different types of strabismus and dose effect

Introduction: The obtaining of venous access for implantation of implantable electronic cardiac devices (IECDs) has been traditionally made by intrathoracic subclavian vein puncture (SVP) or cephalic vein phlebotomy (CVP). Evidence indicates, however, the increased risk of short-term and long-term complications with SVP due to the fact that it is intrathoracic access and the risk of compression of the electrodes by the costoclavicular ligament, leading to different types of defects. CVP, in turn, has been associated with a failure rate that reaches 45%. Axillary vein puncture (AVP) has been described in the literature and is presented here as an alternative to the two techniques mentioned. Methods: A PubMed survey was conducted on articles that mention the AVP, SVP and CVP techniques and compare them to the immediate, short and long term results and success rates for obtaining venous access. Emphasis was placed on comparisons between the various AVP techniques. Conclusion: The AVP technique for obtaining venous access presents some variations among the different authors. It has CVP-like safety, success rates comparable to those of the subclavian vein, and better medium and long term results for electrode function.

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The effects of implementing recitation activities on success rates in a college calculus course

Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning ◽

10.14434/v14i4.12823 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey Xavier Watt ◽

Charles R. Feldhaus ◽

Brandon H. Sorge ◽

Grant A. Fore ◽

Andrew D. Gavrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Retention Rates ◽

Final Examination ◽

Success Rates ◽

Different Types ◽

Large Enrollment ◽

College Calculus ◽

One Year ◽

Algebraic Concept

Over a period of six years, three different types of recitation sessions were implemented into the large enrollment section of a college calculus course. During the fall semesters, the results on the departmental final examination, the DFW rates, and the one-year retention rates of students as STEM majors were examined by the type of recitation session used with the large enrollment section. The three types of recitation sessions studied were: (1) optional mentoring sessions at the Math Assistance Center conducted by undergraduate students (peer mentors), (2) required mentoring sessions conducted by graduate students, and (3) required VGNA (Verbal, Graphical or Geometric, Numeric, and Algebraic) Concept activities, which were also coupled with mentoring sessions conducted by graduate students. The success of the students in the large enrollment section of the course, which included one of the three different types of recitation sessions, was compared to the success of students in the small enrollment sections of the course (enrollments less than 50 students). The effects of using each type of recitation session on raising departmental final examination scores, lowering DFW rates, and raising one-year retention rates is presented. The results of this study demonstrate methods of raising student success rates in large enrollment (lecture-format) courses.

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CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT FOR ANAL FISSURE – FOR HOW LONG? – REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Facta Universitatis Series Medicine and Biology ◽

10.22190/fumb190507003s ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Valeriu Șurlin ◽

Sorin Scurtu

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Anal Fissure ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Nitric Oxide Donors ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Success Rates ◽

Good Communication

Anal fissure (AF) is a common proctologic disease and health problem, with potential for chronicity, causing the patient a debilitating suffering. The pathogenesis, in most of the cases consists in a vicious circle of pain-internal anal sphincter (IAS) spasm-decrease blood irrigation of mucosa-delay of healing. Treatment should aim to break this mechanism by cutting or relaxing the IAS and restoring adequate blood flow to promote healing. If anal stretch is becoming history, surgical sphincterotomy has the highest rate of healing and the least percentage of recurrence, but incontinence for flatus and stool may occur so “medical or “chemical” sphincterotomy using calcium channel blockers (CCB), nitric oxide donors, botulinum toxin injection are used with success rates from 50% to over 90%, also in combination with other conservative measures like warm sitz baths, stool softeners, high fiber and more liquid daily ingestion. All of those therapeutic measures are also stated in current guidelines. The question we tried to answer in this paper is for how long we can prolong the conservative, non-operative treatment in AF. Based upon literature research and our personal experience we may state that the earlier institution of medical specific treatment (CCB, nitric oxide donors, botulinum toxin) has more chances to heal the patient and avoid surgery. Success is also dependent on the good communication with the patient, detailed explanation of the purpose of the treatment, how to assess himself the evolution, and employ botulinum toxin earlier if patient is less compliant to topic treatment. Conservative non-operative management should be pushed as long as it is correctly applied and progression is made both from subjective and objective point of view and patient is compliant and content.

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Use of the Intubating LMA-Fastrach™ in 254 Patients with Difficult-to-manage Airways

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200111000-00022 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 1175-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 195

Author(s):

David Z. Ferson ◽

William H. Rosenblatt ◽

Mary J. Johansen ◽

Irene Osborn ◽

Andranik Ovassapian

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

North America ◽

Clinical Experience ◽

Medical Records ◽

San Diego ◽

Success Rates ◽

Lehane Grade ◽

Different Types ◽

Elective Treatment ◽

Established Role

Background The laryngeal mask airway (LMA; LMA North America, Inc., San Diego, CA) has a well-established role in the emergency and elective treatment of patients with difficult-to-manage airways (DA). In this study, the authors report their clinical experience with the intubating LMA (LMA-Fastrach; LMA North America, Inc., San Diego, CA) in 254 patients with different types of DA. Methods The authors reviewed the anesthetic and medical records of patients with DA in whom the LMA-Fastrach was used electively or emergently at four institutions from October 1997 through October 2000. In each case, the number of insertion and intubation attempts was recorded. Success rates for blind and fiber optically guided intubation through the LMA-Fastrach were calculated, up to a maximum of five attempts per patient. Results The LMA-Fastrach was used in 257 procedures performed in 254 patients with DA, including patients with Cormack-Lehane grade 4 views; patients with immobilized cervical spines; patients with airways distorted by tumors, surgery, or radiation therapy; and patients wearing stereotactic frames. Insertion of the LMA-Fastrach was accomplished in three attempts or fewer in all patients. The overall success rates for blind and fiber optically guided intubations through the LMA-Fastrach were 96.5% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions The LMA-Fastrach was used successfully in a high percentage of patients who presented with a variety of DA. The clinical experience presented herein indicates that this device may be particularly useful in the emergency and elective treatment of patients in whom intubation with a rigid laryngoscope has failed and in the treatment of patients with immobilized cervical spines.

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Comparing Botulinum Toxin Injections with Extraocular Muscle Surgery in Toddlers with Esotropia: A Retrospective Analysis

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/a-1386-5537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 238 (04) ◽

pp. 478-481

Author(s):

Tristan Michael Handschin ◽

Francoise Roulez ◽

Andreas Schötzau ◽

Anja Palmowski-Wolfe

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Extraocular Muscle ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Angle Of Deviation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Encrypted Database ◽

Botulinum Toxin Injections ◽

Extraocular Muscle Surgery

Abstract Background In toddlers with esotropia, early alignment of the visual axes either with extraocular muscle surgery (EOMS) or botulinum toxin injections (BTIs) into both medial rectus muscles may result in improved depth perception. We compared the outcome of BTIs with EOMS in toddlers in order to gain further insight into the advantages and disadvantages of either method. Patients and Methods In this retrospective study, our encrypted database was searched for toddlers with esotropia aged 35 months or younger at the time of initial treatment with either BTIs or EOMS and who had a follow-up of at least 2 years. We analyzed the angle of deviation, dose effect (DE), and binocularity as well as the number of interventions. Results We identified 26 toddlers who received their first treatment for esotropia within the first 35 months of life: 16 with BTIs (9 males, 7 females) and 10 with EOMS (3 males, 7 females). Mean follow-up was considerably longer in the EOMS (87.7 months) than in the BTI group (35.7 months). Age at first intervention was 22.8 months in the BTI and 24.1 months in the EOMS group, and each toddler wore its full cycloplegic refraction. Mean angle at treatment was 41.25 prism diopters (PD) in the BTI compared to 52.9 PD in the EOMS group. The BTI group received an average of 1.68 BTIs, with a mean dosage of 14.5 IU Botox and a mean DE (mDE) of 1.8 PD/IU. In the EOMS group, the average number of surgeries was 1.4, with a mean dosage of 16.85 mm and a mDE of 3.14 PD/mm surgery. Some degree of binocularity could be observed in 9 (56%) of the BTI (5 × Bagolini positive, 2 × 550″, 2 × 220″) and in 4 (40%) of the EOMS group (2 × 3600″, 1 × 550″, 1 × 300″). By the end of the BTI group follow-up, four toddlers electively underwent EOMS rather than a 3rd BTI (followed by a 3rd BTI in 1), which resulted in the appearance of measurable binocularity in all four (1 × Bagolini positive, 1 × 220″, 1 × 200″, 1 × 60″). Conclusions Our results show that BTIs are a viable treatment alternative in early esotropia. Even if EOMS is ultimately required, some binocularity may develop as the visual axes are aligned for some time in the sensitive phase owing to the effects of Botox. Moreover, less surgical dosage is needed than would have otherwise been necessary to treat the original angle of deviation. BTIs are faster, less invasive, and present as an effective alternative when patient compliance is too low to reliably measure the angle of deviation, which is essential for the planning of EOMS.

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Descriptive analysis of the annual cost of treating spasticity with different types of botulinum toxin A

Neurología (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.10.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D. Hernández Herrero ◽

J.C. Miangolarra Page

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Annual Cost ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Toxin A ◽

Different Types

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Reservoir facies design and modeling using probabilistic rock-physics templates

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/geo2020-0044.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. M17-M28

Author(s):

Wei Xie ◽

Kyle T. Spikes

Keyword(s):

Measurement Errors ◽

Rock Physics ◽

Pore Fluid ◽

Well Log ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Success Rates ◽

Facies Modeling ◽

Facies Model ◽

Different Types ◽

Reservoir Facies

We have developed a technique to design and optimize reservoir lithofluid facies based on probabilistic rock-physics templates. Subjectivity is promoted to design possible facies scenarios with different pore-fluid conditions, and quantitative simulations and evaluations are conducted in facies model selection. This method aims to provide guidelines for reservoir-facies modeling in an exploration setting in which limited data exist. The work includes two parts: facies-model simulations and uncertainty evaluations. We have first derived scenarios with all possible fluid types using Gassmann fluid substitution. We designed models with different numbers of facies and pore-fluid conditions using site-specific rock-physics templates. Detailed facies simulations were conducted in the petroelastic, elastic, and seismic domains in a step-by-step framework to preserve the geologic interpretability. The use of probabilistic rock-physics templates allowed for multiple realizations of each facies model to account for different types and magnitudes of errors and to infer facies probability and uncertainty. For each realization, we used Bayesian classification to assign facies labels. Comparisons between the predicted and true labels provided the success rates and entropy indices to quantify the prediction errors and confidence degrees, respectively. This workflow was tested with well-log data from a clastic reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico. We simulated models with five to seven facies with different pore-fluid parameters. From the petroelastic, elastic, and seismic domains, the uncertainty of facies models significantly increased due to well-log measurement errors, data-model mismatch, and resolution differences. The facies model consisting of oil sand, gas sand, and shale was the optimal set based on the high success rates and low entropy indices. Facies profiles estimated from this optimal model presented significant consistency with well-log interpretations. The techniques and results demonstrated here could be applied to different types of clastic reservoirs, and they provide useful constraints for reservoir facies modeling during early oilfield exploration stages.

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