Background: Opioids are the mainstay of pain management for acute postsurgical pain. Oral
oxycodone is an opioid that can provide effective acute postoperative pain relief.
Objectives: To evaluate the use of oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management.
Study Design: This is a narrative review based on published articles searched in PubMed and
Medline from 2003 to 2015 on oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management.
Methods: Clinical trials related to the use of oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain
management were searched via PubMed and Medline from 2003 to 2015. The search terms
used were “oral strong opioids,” “postsurgical,” “postoperative,” “post-surgical,” and “postoperative.” Treatment interventions were compared for analgesic efficacy, rescue medication use,
side effects, recovery, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction.
Results: There were 26 clinical trials included in the review. Oral oxycodone showed superior
postoperative analgesic efficacy compared with placebo in patients undergoing laparoscopic
cholecystectomy, abdominal or pelvic surgery, bunionectomy, breast surgery, and spine surgery.
When compared with intravenous opioids, oral oxycodone provided better or comparable pain
relief following knee arthroplasty, spine surgery, caesarean section, laparoscopic colorectal surgery,
and cardiac surgery. One study of dental postsurgery pain reported inferior pain control with oral
oxycodone versus rofecoxib. (withdrawn from the US market due to cardiac safety concerns). In
many studies, the demand for rescue analgesia and total opioid consumption were reduced in the
oxycodone treatment arm. Patients receiving oral oxycodone experienced fewer opioid-related
side effects than those on other opioids, and had a similar occurrence of postoperative nausea
and vomiting as patients on placebo. Furthermore, oral oxycodone did not prolong hospital stay
and was associated with lower drug costs compared with epidural and intravenous analgesics.
Oxycodone administered as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen produced superior pain relief
with fewer side effects and a reduced hospital stay.
Limitation: There is a limited number of randomized double blinded studies in individual surgical
operations, thus making it more difficult to come up with definitive conclusions.
Conclusion: Oral oxycodone appears to offer safe and effective postoperative analgesia, and is a
well-accepted and reasonable alternative to standard intravenous opioid analgesics.
Key words: Postoperative, pain, analgesia, oral oxycodone, opioid
Oral Oxycodone for Acute Postoperative Pain:
A Review of Clinical Trials
