Difficulties of children with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in processing temporal information concerning everyday life events

Sleep disturbances are common among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While pharmacological treatment has increased dramatically, parents often prefer non-pharmacological interventions. Research on experiences of weighted blankets and their effect in sleep improvement is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore parents’ experiences of weighted blankets for children with ADHD and sleep problems, and the impact on their children’s sleep. The explorative design was based on qualitative content analysis. Interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 24 parents of children with ADHD and sleep problems, after completing a sleep intervention with weighted blankets for 16 weeks. Parents reported that children sleeping with weighted blankets: (1) achieved satisfactory sleep, including improved sleep onset latency, sleep continuity, and sleep routines; (2) achieved overall well-being, including improved relaxation and reduced anxiety; and (3) mastered everyday life, including improved balance in life, family function, and participation in school and leisure activities. This study brings forward novel aspects of the effects of improved sleep among children with ADHD. The findings contribute to the understanding of potential positive effects of an intervention with weighted blankets critical for clinical practice to improve sleep, well-being, and everyday life of children with ADHD and their families.

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The Unique and Combined Effects of Reinforcement and Methylphenidate on Temporal Information Processing in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1097/jcp.0000000000000349 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Marjolein Luman ◽

Alky Papanikolau ◽

Jaap Oosterlaan

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Information Processing ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Temporal Information ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Temporal Information Processing

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Providing Support for College Students With Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Through Disability-Informed Mentorship

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-rp198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 7512505198p1-7512505198p1

Author(s):

Sharon Medina ◽

Consuelo Kreider

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Learning Disabilities ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Students With Learning Disabilities ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Students with learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (LD–ADHD) face disability-related challenges that affect the ability to meet college challenges and everyday life demands. We examined the LD–ADHD-related knowledge needs of mentors in providing holistic support for undergraduate mentees with LD–ADHD. Findings illustrate specific areas of disability-related knowledge important for incorporation into the development of disability-informed mentorship interventions for supporting the occupational performance of undergraduates with LD–ADHD. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Medina Additional Authors and Speakers: Consuelo Kreider

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Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Stressful Life Events, and Other Psychiatric Correlates Among Women in Sex Work

Journal of Psychosexual Health ◽

10.1177/26318318211028535 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263183182110285

Author(s):

Kasthuri Pandiyan ◽

Shankar Kumar ◽

Sushmitha Kota

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Life Events ◽

Sex Work ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: Numerous psychiatric disorders are known to be associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB). Depression or substance use is known to be higher in those who are in sex work. Recent literature has also described the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and RSB. However, the association between ADHD and RSB among women in sex work (WSW) is relatively unknown. In this background, this study was conducted to study the prevalence of ADHD and associated psychiatric correlates among WSW and also to study the prevalence of RSB in this population. Methodology: A sample of 96 women who were in sex work and consented to be the part of the study were recruited. They were later administered Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale to screen for adult ADHD symptoms, Wender Utah Rating Scale to retrospectively look into a childhood diagnosis of ADHD, MINI neuropsychiatric interview for DSM 4-TR psychiatric diagnoses, HIV Risk Behavior Scale to study RSB, Beck’s Depression Inventory to quantify depression, and Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale to quantify the presence of stressful life events. Results: The prevalence of Adult ADHD in the sample was 32.20 % (n = 31). Individuals with ADHD had a higher prevalence of RSB ( P = .02), comorbid depression ( P = .04), presence of stressful life events ( P = .001), and a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections ( P = .03). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD is high among WSW (32%). Risky sexual behavior in this population could be probably due to higher prevalence of associated psychiatric conditions including depression, higher presence of stressful life events, and ADHD, the association which is less understood. There is a need to replicate these findings in larger samples to study ADHD and its relationship with risky sexual behavior among WSW.

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Automatic Processing of Duration in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713000258 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 686-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hilary Gomes ◽

Martin Duff ◽

Adrianne Flores ◽

Jeffrey M. Halperin

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Automatic Processing ◽

Temporal Information ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Performance Deficits ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Attentional Deficits ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Processing Information

AbstractIndividuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit deficits in processing information about time. Most studies, however, have required participants to perform active tasks and consequently it is unclear if performance deficits are due to impaired processing of temporal information, attentional deficits, or to impairments at a later stage of decision-making. This study used mismatch negativity (MMN) to examine automatic processing of temporal information in children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 11 children with typical development (8 boys; mean age/SD= 9.3/0.6 years) and 12 with ADHD (10 boys; mean age/SD= 8.9/0.8 years). Using the MMN paradigm, responses to standards and four deviants (hard/easy frequency, hard/easy duration) were elicited during the same sequence. The children's ability to actively discriminate each deviant was also assessed. Both groups exhibited MMNs to all deviants suggesting successful automatic discrimination. Furthermore, amplitude and latency measures were roughly comparable across groups. No group differences were seen on the active discrimination task, but performance was worse for duration than for frequency deviants. These results suggest that children with ADHD are able to automatically process temporal information, so deficits reported in active discrimination paradigms are likely due to deficits in subjective perception or usage of temporal information. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–9)

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ADHD – Genetic or Cultural Conditions?

21st Century Pedagogy ◽

10.2478/ped21-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Jagoda Antoniak

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Family Environment ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Attention Deficit Disorder ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Cultural Conditions ◽

Students With Adhd

AbstractThis article discusses the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Attention Deficit Disorder) with attention deficit disorder. The publication contains an attempt to explain and characterize the hyperkinetic team. The issues in it concern the causes and effects of the occurrence of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. The methods of functioning of a child with ADHD in the school and family environment are also presented. The author presents suggestions for helping students with ADHD as well as forms of cooperation with their parents. The article indicates positives resulting from the student’s statement of a hyperkinetic group. The author does not focus only on negative features of a given phenomenon, but presents them in a diversified perspective, she tries to see the values reflected in the culture of everyday life.

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Difficulties in everyday life: Young persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders perspectives. A chat-log analysis

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being ◽

10.3402/qhw.v9.23376 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 23376 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Britt H. Ahlström ◽

Elisabet Wentz

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Log Analysis ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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FC14-02 - Biological stress markers, executive functions and self-perceived stress in adults with ADHD (attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73598-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1894-1894

Author(s):

T. Hirvikoski ◽

A. Nordenström ◽

T. Lindholm ◽

E. Olsson ◽

A.-L. Nordström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Stress Reactivity ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Cardiovascular Stress ◽

Biological Stress

IntroductionThe management of normal daily tasks may be complicated for adults with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) due to executive dysfunctions. ADHD may thus increase the risk of chronic stress in everyday life.ObjectiveTo study endocrinological and psycho physiological stress markers in adults with ADHD in association to performance in test of executive functions (EF) and self-perceived stress.MethodsCardiovascular stress markers were assessed in 30 adults with ADHD with no psychoactive medication, and 30 healthy controls during: (1) non-stress baseline; (2) cognitive stress; and (3) non-stress recovery. The Visual Analogues Scale was used to assess self-perceived stress. Salivary cortisol was measured pre- and post-experiment. To measure stress in everyday life we assessed diurnal cortisol values, stressors and self-ratings of stress.ResultsThe group with ADHD showed higher self-perceived stress but attenuated or atypical cardiovascular stress reactivity during experimentally induced stress, and stress reactivity predicted performance in the executive test. Baseline cardiovasular values did not differ from the controls. The diagnosis of ADHD significantly increased the risk of belonging to the group with high post-stress cortisol levels. The two groups were comparable with respect to overall diurnal cortisol levels and rhythm. The ADHD group reported significantly higher self-perceived stress and these values correlated with level of stressors in everyday life.ConclusionsThe overall baseline values in biological stress markers may be comparable between adults with ADHD and healthy controls, while the stress reactivity and recovery pattern may differ between the two groups.

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