Novel technologies in detection, treatment and prevention of substance use disorders

Despite mammoth efforts toward the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders in the United States over the past 30 years, they remain a significant public health concern and an all-too-common comorbidity among people with other forms of mental illness. Continued research into genetics, pharmacotherapies, psychotherapies, and epidemiology for substance use disorders results in huge amounts of new information for clinicians to assimilate each year. This review summarizes current diagnostic and categorical standards in substance use disorders, epidemiology, genetic and physiologic factors in addiction for each class, clinically relevant laboratory testing, evidence-based treatments, and prognostic considerations in substance use disorders. Specifically, sections cover cannabinoids, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, and stimulants. Key words: benzodiazepines, cannabis, drug dependence, hallucinogens, MDMA, substance abuse, substance dependence, synthetic cannabinoids

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Clinical Management of Drug Use Disorders

10.2310/cannabis.13042 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Thompson ◽

Timothy Ando ◽

James Jackson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Drug Use Disorders ◽

Evidence Based Treatments ◽

Significant Public Health

Despite mammoth efforts toward the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders in the United States over the past 30 years, they remain a significant public health concern and an all-too-common comorbidity among people with other forms of mental illness. Continued research into genetics, pharmacotherapies, psychotherapies, and epidemiology for substance use disorders results in huge amounts of new information for clinicians to assimilate each year. This review summarizes current diagnostic and categorical standards in substance use disorders, epidemiology, genetic and physiologic factors in addiction for each class, clinically relevant laboratory testing, evidence-based treatments, and prognostic considerations in substance use disorders. Specifically, sections cover cannabinoids, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, and stimulants. Key words: benzodiazepines, cannabis, drug dependence, hallucinogens, MDMA, substance abuse, substance dependence, synthetic cannabinoids

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Creating an ethical culture to support recovery from substance use disorders

Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.1136/medethics-2020-106661 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. medethics-2020-106661

Author(s):

Laura Williamson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Individual Autonomy ◽

Ethical Culture ◽

Ethical Challenges ◽

Individual Substance ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

Ethical Debate ◽

Evidence Based Treatments

There is a long-standing failure to create an ethical culture around substance use disorders (SUDs) or dependence that actively supports people’s recovery efforts. Issues which impede the development of prorecovery environments are complex, but include the far-reaching effects of the social stigma that surrounds SUDs; and the failure to harness relational and social support that allows debates to transcend blaming individual substance users. As part of efforts to create prorecovery environments, it is important to acknowledge that bioethics debate on SUDs is narrow in scope, prioritising topics related to its traditional interests in individual autonomy and novel technologies. As a result, it has not played a significant role in helping to transform the ethical cultures in which substance use recovery takes place. For example, it largely neglects the ethical challenges of developing an empathic, person-centred approach to substance use problems that listens and responds to the voices of clients. It has also participated little in efforts to develop a positive response to reducing the toxic effects of stigma. Indeed, some contributions from the field fan stigma, rather than alleviate it. The aim of this paper is to seed broader ethical debate, in academic literature and lay/professional communities, on how societies should respond to SUDs: steering a course between the critical, but narrow approach of bioethics and the empowerment discourse of evidence-based treatments.

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Clinical Management of Drug Use Disorders

10.2310/im.13042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Thompson ◽

Timothy Ando ◽

James Jackson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Drug Use Disorders ◽

Evidence Based Treatments ◽

Significant Public Health

Despite mammoth efforts toward the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders in the United States over the past 30 years, they remain a significant public health concern and an all-too-common comorbidity among people with other forms of mental illness. Continued research into genetics, pharmacotherapies, psychotherapies, and epidemiology for substance use disorders results in huge amounts of new information for clinicians to assimilate each year. This review summarizes current diagnostic and categorical standards in substance use disorders, epidemiology, genetic and physiologic factors in addiction for each class, clinically relevant laboratory testing, evidence-based treatments, and prognostic considerations in substance use disorders. Specifically, sections cover cannabinoids, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, and stimulants. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables and 60 references Key words: benzodiazepines, cannabis, drug dependence, hallucinogens, MDMA, substance abuse, substance dependence, synthetic cannabinoids

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