Long-term effects of public low-income housing vouchers on neighborhood quality and household composition

BackgroundExperiencing illness in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) can incur very high out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for healthcare and, while the existing literature typically focuses on levels of expenditure, it rarely examines what happens when households do not have the necessary money. Some will adopt one or more ‘coping strategies’, such as borrowing money, perhaps at exorbitant interest rates, or selling assets, some necessary for their future income, with detrimental long-term effects. This is particularly relevant for chronic illnesses that require consistent, long-term OOP payments. We systematically review the literature on strategies for financing OOP costs of chronic illnesses in LMICs, their correlates and their impacts on households.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EconLit, EMBASE, Global Health and Scopus on 22 October 2018 for literature published on or after 1 January 2000. We included qualitative or quantitative studies describing at least one coping strategy for chronic illness OOP payments in a LMIC context. Our narrative review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines.ResultsForty-seven papers were included. Studies identified coping strategies for chronic illness costs that are not traditionally addressed in financial risk protection research (eg, taking children out of school, sending them to work, reducing expenditure on food or education, quitting work to give care). Twenty studies reported socioeconomic or other correlates of coping strategies, with poorer households and those with more advanced disease more vulnerable to detrimental strategies. Only six studies (three cross-sectional and three qualitative) included evidence of impacts of coping strategies on households, including increased labour to repay debts and discontinuing treatment.ConclusionsMonitoring of financial risk protection provides an incomplete picture if it fails to capture the effect of coping strategies. This will require qualitative and longitudinal research to understand the long-term effects, especially those associated with chronic illness in LMICs.

Download Full-text

WHAT PARENTS OF RHEUMATIC FEVER PATIENTS DON'T UNDERSTAND ABOUT THE DISEASE AND ITS PROPHYLACTIC MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.43.2.160 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 160-167

Author(s):

John H. Kennell ◽

Eleanor Soroker ◽

Paula Thomas ◽

Marvin Wasman

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Low Income ◽

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Public Assistance ◽

Medical Advice ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Level Of Education ◽

High Degree

Interviews with 60 parents of children attending a rheumatic fever clinic showed confusion and many unrealistic beliefs about the disease and its long-term effects, about recurrences, and about the rationale for the prophylactic program. The parents' all-pervading anxiety about heart disease and death led them to impose or continue restrictions contrary to medical advice, even on children with normal hearts. The mothers' lack of understanding correlated with their level of education and a number of social and environmental factors. One group of families with a clearly defined pattern of social characteristics-almost entirely Negro, on public assistance, with a low educational level, a very low income, and a high degree of family disorganization-stood out because of its lack of understanding about the disease and about its prophylactic treatment. The responses of Negro mothers on public assistance as well as those with higher educational and income levels were similar in several respects and differed from those of Caucasian mothers. On the basis of what the mothers reported, communication about the disease was remarkably poor between physician and parent, parent and child, and physician and patient.

Download Full-text

Environmental Equity and Pesticide Exposure

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379300900512 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 913-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Marion Moses ◽

Eric S. Johnson ◽

W. Kent Anger ◽

Virlyn W. Burse ◽

Sanford W. Horstman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Neurological Dysfunction ◽

People Of Color ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Research Attention ◽

Low Income Groups ◽

Migrant Farm ◽

Neurobehavioral Effects

Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable populations at high risk that have not been studied include noncertified pesticide applicators and seasonal and migrant farm workers, including children.

Download Full-text

Long-term effects of early intervention: Turkish low-income mothers and children

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology ◽

10.1016/s0193-3973(01)00071-5 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 333-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Cigdem Kagitcibasi ◽

Diane Sunar ◽

Sevda Bekman

Keyword(s):

Early Intervention ◽

Low Income ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Low Income Mothers

Download Full-text

The End of an Era? The Medium- and Long-Term Effects of the Global Crisis on Growth in Low-Income Countries

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1750693 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Berg ◽

Chris Papageorgiou ◽

Catherine A. Pattillo ◽

Nikola Spatafora

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Global Crisis

Download Full-text

The End of an Era? The Medium- and Long-term Effects of the Global Crisis on Growth in Low-Income Countries

IMF Working Papers ◽

10.5089/9781455205363.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (205) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chris Papageorgiou ◽

Andrew Berg ◽

Catherine Pattillo ◽

Nicola Spatafora ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Global Crisis

Download Full-text

Long-term effects of psychotherapy in a context of continuous community and gang violence: changes in aggressive attitude in high-risk South African adolescents

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465819000365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martina Hinsberger ◽

Leon Holtzhausen ◽

Jessica Sommer ◽

Debra Kaminer ◽

Thomas Elbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Waiting List ◽

Behavioural Intervention ◽

Gang Violence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic

AbstractBackground:Post-traumatic stress but also aggressive attitudes and behaviour can be found in adolescents living in a context of ongoing community and gang violence in the low-income urban areas of Cape Town, South Africa.Aims:We investigated the long-term effects (15–20 months after therapy) of (a) Narrative Exposure Therapy for Forensic Offender Rehabilitation (FORNET) and (b) the cognitive behavioural intervention ‘Thinking for a Change’ (CBT) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and aggression compared with a waiting list.Method:Fifty-four young males participated in the treatment trial, of which 17 completed the FORNET intervention, 11 the CBT intervention, and 26 were on a waiting list. The primary outcome was the change score for the Appetitive Aggression Scale; secondary outcomes were the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview change scores, and the number of perpetrated violent event types.Results:The reduction in scores for PTSD that had been observed in FORNET completers at the first follow-up were still significant at the second long-term follow-up (Cohen’s d = 0.86). In this treatment arm (FORNET), the scores for appetitive aggression were also significantly reduced (Cohen’s d = 1.00). There were no significant changes observed for CBT or for the waiting list.Conclusions:The study indicates that FORNET can successfully reduce post-traumatic stress as well as the attraction to violence even for individuals living under conditions of continuous traumatic stress.

Download Full-text