neighborhood quality
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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 781-781
Author(s):  
Ramona Danielson ◽  
Susan Ray-Degges

Abstract Background Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased physiological and psychological challenges in adulthood. Normal aging comes with changes that may put adults with a history of CA at increased risk of a poor quality aging experience. Because suitable person-environment fit is an important component of well-being, the present study explored two hypotheses: 1) Higher CA is associated with lower perceived neighborhood quality, and 2) Higher CA is associated with higher perceived inequality in home. Methods Using MIDUS 2011-2014 Refresher Survey (for this study, N=1,017 adults ages 55-76), Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients were run to explore the associations between a previously validated CA score and two environmental satisfaction indices. Perceived inequality in home comprised ratings on six items and perceived neighborhood quality comprised ratings on four items. Results Hypothesis 1: There was a significant positive association between the perceived inequality in home and cumulative CA, rs(998) = .200, p < .001. Hypothesis 2: There was a significant negative association between the perceived quality of neighborhood index and cumulative CA, rs(998) = -.182, p < .001. The strength of the associations were weak. Conclusions Higher cumulative experiences of CA were associated with increased feelings of home environment inequality, and decreased feelings of neighborhood quality. Significant differences were evident after decades had elapsed, demonstrating the long-lasting reach of CA. Further research exploring policy and practice approaches to mitigating the effects of CA is needed to allow aging adults to achieve better person-environment fit and equitable access to successful aging.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Kim ◽  
Andrew Mowen ◽  
Benjamin Hickerson ◽  
Alan Graefe ◽  
Melissa Bopp

Purpose During exposure to new cultures, immigrants face numerous life changes and challenges, which negatively affect mental health, yet environmental supports may address these concerns. This study aims to examine how neighborhood quality, acculturation and acculturative stress are associated with immigrants’ mental health. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 511 Asian immigrants who were born in their country of origin and immigrated to the USA. Path analysis using analysis of moment structures (version 22.0) was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Findings The results from the path analysis indicated that perceived neighborhood quality and acculturative stress had direct effects on mental health among Asian immigrants. The study also found a significant indirect pathway to mental health where more favorable perceptions of neighborhood quality were associated with higher levels of acculturation and lower levels of acculturative stress, which, in turn, resulted in better mental health. Originality/value The results of the study highlight the importance of improving neighborhood quality as a means by which to facilitate cultural adjustment/adaptation to US culture and thus, improve mental health among Asian immigrants. In addition, the authors suggested considering cultural origin in designing health programs and/or policies for Asian immigrants, which could promote mental health among Asian immigrants. Based on the results of the model, this study produced insightful information and suggestions on how to improve Asian immigrants’ mental health more effectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xiong ◽  
Xiaohua Liang ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Lei Zuo ◽  
...  

Background: Identification of early modifiable factors is crucial to delay or prevent the development of cognitive impairment and reduce the social and economic burden.Objective: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of childhood neighborhood quality (CNQ) with the risk of later-life cognitive dysfunction and the role of body mass index (BMI) in this association.Methods: A total of 8,289 community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly population from wave 2011, wave 2013, and wave 2015 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Cognitive function and CNQ were measured by standardized questionnaires. Multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of CNQ and cognitive function. The interactions of BMI with CNQ in the progress of cognitive function were also estimated.Results: The participants with higher CNQ had a significantly low risk of cognitive impairment than those with lower CNQ score (β = 0.067, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.103), and the results remained similar (β = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.075) after controlling other confounding variables. Furthermore, there was an interaction between BMI with CNQ score (P < 0.001) for the risk of cognitive impairment. In BMI-stratified analysis, we found that the association of CNQ and cognitive function was not statistically significant in overweight or obese population (β = 0.019, 95% CI: −0.032, 0.070), but was statistically significant in people with lower BMI (β = 0.059, 95% CI: 0.010, 0.107).Conclusions: Higher CNQ score is significantly associated with the lower risk of cognitive dysfunction in adulthood. BMI may moderate the associations of CNQ with the risk of cognitive function.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguz Akbilgic ◽  
Eun Kyong Shin ◽  
Arash Shaban-Nejad

Background: Scientific evidence confirm that significant racial disparities exist in healthcare, including surgery outcomes. However, the causal pathway underlying disparities at preoperative physical condition of children is not well-understood.Objectives: This research aims to uncover the role of socioeconomic and environmental factors in racial disparities at the preoperative physical condition of children through multidimensional integration of several data sources at the patient and population level.Methods: After the data integration process an unsupervised k-means algorithm on neighborhood quality metrics was developed to split 29 zip-codes from Memphis, TN into good and poor-quality neighborhoods.Results: An unadjusted comparison of African Americans and white children showed that the prevalence of poor preoperative condition is significantly higher among African Americans compared to whites. No statistically significant difference in surgery outcome was present when adjusted by surgical severity and neighborhood quality.Conclusions: The socioenvironmental factors affect the preoperative clinical condition of children and their surgical outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Hausman ◽  
Tamar Ramot-Nyska ◽  
Noam Zussman

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