PKG acts in the adult corpora cardiaca to regulate nutrient stress-responsivity through adipokinetic hormone

A hypertrehalosaemic neuropeptide from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae has been isolated by reversed-phase h.p.l.c., and its primary structure was determined by pulsed-liquid phase sequencing employing Edman chemistry after enzymically deblocking the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue. The C-terminus was also blocked, as indicated by the lack of digestion when the peptide was incubated with carboxypeptidase A. The octapeptide has the sequence pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-NH2 and is clearly defined as a novel member of the RPCH/AKH (red-pigment-concentrating hormone/adipokinetic hormone) family of peptides. It is the first charged member of this family to be found. The synthetic peptide causes an increase in the haemolymph carbohydrate concentration in a dose-dependent fashion in blowflies and therefore is named ‘Phormia terraenovae hypertrehalosaemic hormone’ (Pht-HrTH). In addition, receptors in the fat-body of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) recognize the peptide, resulting in carbohydrate elevation in the blood. However, fat-body receptors of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) do not recognize this charged molecule, and thus no lipid mobilization is observed in this species.

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Evidence that locustatachykinin I is involved in release of adipokinetic hormone from locust corpora cardiaca

Regulatory Peptides ◽

10.1016/0167-0115(95)00043-b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 297-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Dick R. Nässel ◽

Paul C.C.M. Passier ◽

Karoly Elekes ◽

Heinrich Dircksen ◽

Henk G.B. Vullings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipokinetic Hormone ◽

Corpora Cardiaca

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Remodeling of the corpora cardiaca and the corpora allata during adult metamorphosis in Bombyx mori: identification of invisible corpora cardiaca by the expression of adipokinetic hormone

Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1007/s13355-010-0013-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yu Kaneko ◽

Tetsuro Shinoda ◽

Kiyoshi Hiruma

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Corpora Allata ◽

Adipokinetic Hormone ◽

Corpora Cardiaca

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Control of haemolymph lipid concentration during locust flight: An adipokinetic hormone from the corpora cardiaca

Journal of Insect Physiology ◽

10.1016/0022-1910(69)90259-5 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 611-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 230

Author(s):

R.J. Mayer ◽

D.J. Candy

Keyword(s):

Lipid Concentration ◽

Adipokinetic Hormone ◽

Corpora Cardiaca ◽

Locust Flight

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The gut hormone Allatostatin C regulates food intake and metabolic homeostasis under nutrient stress

10.1101/2020.12.05.412874 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Kubrak ◽

Line Jensen ◽

Nadja Ahrentløv ◽

Takashi Koyama ◽

Alina Malita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Somatostatin Receptors ◽

Gut Hormones ◽

Peptide Hormone ◽

Nutrient Stress ◽

Metabolic Homeostasis ◽

Adipokinetic Hormone ◽

Energy Mobilization ◽

Gut Hormone

AbstractThe intestine is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Dietary inputs are absorbed through the gut, which senses their nutritional value and relays hormonal information to other organs to coordinate systemic energy balance. However, the specific gut hormones that communicate energy availability to target organs to induce appropriate metabolic and behavioral responses are poorly defined. Here we show that the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the Drosophila gut sense nutrient stress via the intracellular TOR pathway, and in response secrete the peptide hormone allatostatin C (AstC). Gut-derived AstC induces secretion of glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone (AKH) via its receptor AstC-R2, a homolog of mammalian somatostatin receptors, to coordinate food intake and energy mobilization. Loss of gut AstC or its receptor in the AKH-producing cells impairs lipid and sugar mobilization during fasting, leading to hypoglycemia. Our findings illustrate a nutrient-responsive endocrine mechanism that maintains energy homeostasis under nutrient-stress conditions, a function that is essential to health and whose failure can lead to metabolic disorders.

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