Cervical Cancer Screening in Low Resource Settings Using Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Camacho Carr ◽  
John W. Sellors
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource

scholarly journals A Cervical Cancer Screening Trainer for Use in Low-Resource Settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Maria R. Young ◽  
Julia M. Kramer ◽  
Jeffrey B. Chu ◽  
Jeffrey V. Hong ◽  
Kathleen H. Sienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Usability Tests

Each year, cervical cancer causes the death of over 275,000 women worldwide with eighty percent of these cases occurring in low or lower-middle income countries. Cervical cancer screening programs reduce cervical cancer occurrence by identifying and treating pre-cancerous cervical abnormalities before they develop to malignant stages. Standard methods of screening are inappropriate for use in low-resource settings and therefore screening is very limited.  Based on a design ethnography studyperformed over a two-month period in Ghana, a need was identified for a low-fidelity model to assist in training healthcare providers to screen for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid. The design presented in this paper is a box trainer with a simulated vaginal cavity that allows a user to insert cervical images displayed on plastic tabs or cards from the Jhpiego Visual Inspection of the Cervix Flash Card Set©. A modular electronic feedback mechanism trains the user to properly complete the steps of the screening procedure and to track the successes of their diagnoses. This paper describes the need for a cervical cancer screening trainer, the process used to design a trainer to support visual inspection with acetic acid, and the results of prototyping and preliminary usability tests.

scholarly journals Visual inspection with acetic acid for cervical cancer screening outside of low-resource settings

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jeronimo ◽  
Orlando Morales ◽  
Jorge Horna ◽  
José Pariona ◽  
Javier Manrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource

scholarly journals Evaluation of cytology as secondary triage in visual inspection after application of 4% acetic acid-based cervical cancer screening program

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Gauravi A. Mishra ◽  
Sharmila A. Pimple ◽  
Subhadra D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Triage Test

Abstract Context (Background): Visual-based screening techniques are low cost and have good sensitivity. Hence, they appear promising for primary screening in low-resource settings. However, to reduce referrals for diagnostic colposcopy, there is need to triage these screen-positive women with test with good specificity. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the performance of cytology as triage for visual inspection after application of 4% acetic acid (VIA) screen-positive women. Settings and Design: Community-based cervical cancer screening using VIA was implemented among socioeconomically disadvantaged women in Mumbai, India. Methods: Cytology was performed on screen-positive women. All primarily screen-positive women underwent colposcopy. Directed biopsies were obtained among women with positive findings on colposcopy. The gold standard used for final disease status was histopathology or negative colposcopy. Statistical Analysis Used: Test characteristics of cytology as triage test. Results: Among the 138,383 population, 16,424 eligible women were screened with VIA. 785 (4.78%) women were VIA positive and 580 women participated in triage with cytology. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology at threshold of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in detecting ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 were 75.0 and 94.7, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of cytology as triage test were 23.1 and 99.4, respectively, and the false positivity and false negativity rates were 5.34 and 25.0, respectively. Conclusion: Cytology triage with VIA can reduce referrals for colposcopy to 4.97% of original referrals but may miss around 25%, of high-grade CIN. The substantial reduction in referrals has special implication for low-resource settings, wherein compliance to referral and availability of diagnostic facilities are poor.

Prenatal Cervical Cancer Screening Using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid in a Low Resource Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Nyaboga Oyiengo ◽  
Elkana Orang’o Omenge ◽  
Peter Muhandale Itsura ◽  
Phillip Kipkirui Tonui ◽  
Benjamin Elly Odongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting

scholarly journals Evidence-based policy choices for efficient and equitable cervical cancer screening programs in low-resource settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2008-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole G. Campos ◽  
Vivien Tsu ◽  
Jose Jeronimo ◽  
Mercy Mvundura ◽  
Jane J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Evidence Based Policy
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