In vivo validation of a new portable stimulator for chronic deep brain stimulation in freely moving rats

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgery technique widely used in movement disorders, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. In fact, apart from the stimulation itself, the mechanical insertion of the electrode may play a crucial role. Here we aimed to distinguish between the insertional and the DBS effects on brain glucose metabolism. To this end, electrodes were implanted targeting the medial prefrontal cortex in five adult male Wistar rats. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies were performed before surgery (D0) and seven (D7) and nine days (D9) after that. DBS was applied during the 18FDG uptake of the D9 study. PET data were analysed with statistical parametric mapping. We found an electrode insertional effect in cortical areas, while DBS resulted in a more widespread metabolic pattern. The consequences of simultaneous electrode and DBS factors revealed a combination of both effects. Therefore, the insertion metabolic effects differed from the stimulation ones, which should be considered when assessing DBS protocols.

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In Vivo Evidence of Deep Brain Stimulation-Induced Dopaminergic Modulation in Tourette's Syndrome

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. e11-e13 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jens Kuhn ◽

Hildegard Janouschek ◽

Mardjan Raptis ◽

Steffen Rex ◽

Doris Lenartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Tourette's Syndrome ◽

Tourette’S Syndrome ◽

Dopaminergic Modulation ◽

Deep Brain

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Reduced limbic connections may contraindicate subgenual cingulate deep brain stimulation for intractable depression

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2009.2.jns081299 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 780-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jennifer A. McNab ◽

Natalie L. Voets ◽

Ned Jenkinson ◽

Waney Squier ◽

Karla L. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Refractory Depression ◽

Presurgical Planning ◽

Diagnostic Measures ◽

Deep Brain

In this study, the authors performed deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (SACC) in a patient with a history of bipolar disorder. After a right thalamic stroke, intractable depression without mood elevation or a mixed state developed in this patient. He underwent bilateral SACC DBS and died 16 months afterwards. Anatomical connections were studied in this patient preoperatively and postmortem using diffusion tractography (DT). A comparison of in vivo and high resolution ex vivo connectivity patterns was performed as a measure of the utility of in vivo DT in presurgical planning for DBS. Diagnostic measures included neuropsychological testing, preoperative and ex vivo DT, and macroscopic neuropathological assessment. Post-DBS depression rating scores did not improve. In vivo and ex vivo DT revealed markedly reduced limbic projections from the thalamus and SACC to the amygdala in the right (stroke-affected) hemisphere. A highly selective right mediothalamic lesion was associated with the onset of refractory depression. Reduced amygdalar-thalamic and amygdalar-SACC connections could be a contraindication to DBS for depression. Correspondence between preoperative and higher resolution ex vivo DT supports the validity of DT as a presurgical planning tool for DBS.

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Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS) in freely-moving patients with Parkinson’s disease

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.394 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 436-437

Author(s):

A. Priori ◽

M. Rosa ◽

M. Arlotti ◽

S. Marceglia

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Freely Moving ◽

Deep Brain

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Susceptibility Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Displays Pallidofugal and Striatonigral Fiber Tracts

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0000000000001256 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 330-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Till M Schneider ◽

Andreas Deistung ◽

Uta Biedermann ◽

Cordula Matthies ◽

Ralf-Ingo Ernestus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Internal Capsule ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Gradient Echo ◽

Fiber Tracts ◽

Deep Brain

BACKGROUND The pallidofugal and striatonigral fiber tracts form a functional part of the basal ganglionic neuronal networks. For deep brain stimulation, a surgical procedure applied in the treatment of Parkinson disease and dystonia, precise localization of pallidofugal pathways may be of particular clinical relevance for correct electrode positioning. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the pallidofugal and striatonigral pathways can be visualized with magnetic resonance imaging in vivo by exploiting their intrinsic magnetic susceptibility. METHODS Three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging of 5 volunteers was performed on a 7 T magnetic resonance imaging system. To demonstrate that the displayed tubular structures in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra truly represent fiber tracts rather than veins, gradient-echo data of a formalin-fixated brain and a volunteer during inhalation of ambient air and carbogen were collected at 3 T. Susceptibility weighted images, quantitative susceptibility maps, and effective transverse relaxation maps were reconstructed and the depiction of fiber tracts was qualitatively assessed. RESULTS High-resolution susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging contrasts enabled visualization of pallidofugal and striatonigral fiber tracts noninvasively at 3 T and 7 T. We verified that the stripe-like pattern observed on susceptibility-sensitive images is not caused by veins crossing the internal capsule but by fiber tracts traversing the internal capsule. CONCLUSION Pallidofugal and striatonigral fiber tracts have been visualized in vivo for the first time by using susceptibility-sensitive image contrasts. Considering the course of pallidofugal pathways, in particular for deep brain stimulation procedures in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus, could provide landmarks for optimal targeting during stereotactic planning.

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