The experience of OCD-related intrusive thoughts in African and European Americans: Testing the generalizability of cognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Nota ◽  
Shannon M. Blakey ◽  
Daniel A. George-Denn ◽  
Ryan J. Jacoby ◽  
Jessica R. Schubert ◽  
...  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Riskind ◽  
Catherine R. Ayers ◽  
Edward Wright

Although cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder focus on the importance of misinterpretations of intrusive thoughts, they have given little attention to where intrusive cognitions come from, suggesting that they are merely “flotsam” of the mind. The present study is a preliminary test of an analysis that attempts to examine whether intrusive thoughts might actually have systematic, functional relationships to internal processes and external circumstances. Specifically, we advance and test the hypothesis that intrusive thoughts with aggressive-harming content can arise because current goals or passage to desired goals are blocked or thwarted, eliciting threat or frustration, most often because of the perceived provocative or threatening actions of other people (whether real or imaginary). On this hypothesis, this can instigate the generation of accompanying spontaneous imagined mental scenarios or fantasies about ways to rid oneself of the threat (e.g., remove the persons who are posing the obstruction). These imagined scenarios and images, elicited by provocation conditions, produce intense, distressing cognitions for individuals who are afraid of impulses. The results of a simulated provocation design provided evidence for this hypothesis.


2018 ◽  

People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) experience unpleasant and intrusive thoughts, images, doubts or urges (called obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (called compulsions). Compulsions are usually carried out as a way of reducing the distress caused by obsessions. OCD takes many different forms and causes distress and interference to day-to-day life. 


Author(s):  
Johanna Thompson-Hollands

The case of a 25-year-old male with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented in this chapter. The patient, “Luke,” had primary obsessions related to harm befalling his family and girlfriend, as well as fears of contamination. His primary compulsions included mental “undoing,” in his words, and repeating actions. He engaged in significant avoidance around potential contaminants. The text reviews Luke’s course of treatment with the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP), including the application of each treatment module and attention to challenging issues that arose in this case. Specific attention is devoted to the use of cognitive reappraisal in the UP for OCD, managing symptom accommodation by family members, and exposure in the context of intrusive thoughts and mental rituals.


Author(s):  
Steven Taylor ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz ◽  
Dean McKay ◽  
Carrie Cuttler

This chapter focuses on cognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders. It begins with a historical perspective, in which the antecedents of cognitive models are described. Contemporary cognitive models are then reviewed, predictions derived from the models are identified, and empirical evidence for these predictions is summarized. This is followed by a review of cognitive models of four OC-related disorders: hoarding, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, and trichotillomania. Finally, the conceptual problems with cognitive models of OCD and related disorders are identified, suggestions for improvements to the models are made, and potentially fruitful directions for future research are proposed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Sónia Ferreira ◽  
José Miguel Pêgo ◽  
Pedro Morgado

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by cognitive regulation deficits. However, the current literature has focused on executive functioning and emotional response impairments in this disorder. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological alterations in cognitive regulation in obsessive-compulsive patients using the PubMed database. Most of the studies included explored behavioral (distress, arousal, and frequency of intrusive thoughts) and neurobiological measures (brain activity and functional connectivity) using affective cognitive regulation paradigms. Our results pointed to the advantageous use of reappraisal and acceptance strategies in contrast to suppression to reduce distress and frequency of intrusive thoughts. Moreover, we observed alterations in frontoparietal network activity during cognitive regulation. Our conclusions are limited by the inclusion of underpowered studies with treated patients. Nonetheless, our findings support the OCD impairments in cognitive regulation of emotion and might help to improve current guidelines for cognitive therapy.


2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Ashbaugh ◽  
Laurie A. Gelfand ◽  
Adam S. Radomsky

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with an inflated sense of responsibility to prevent harm. Increasingly, it has been recognized that inflated responsibility is a complex phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to examine how interpersonal aspects of responsibility are related to symptoms of OCD. Three new valid and reliable scales assessing beliefs about other people's responsibility, comparative beliefs about responsibility, beliefs about the allocation of responsibility, and beliefs about how others allocate responsibility were used to evaluate interpersonal influences on responsibility. Whereas personal beliefs about responsibility were related to all OCD symptom types, it appears that beliefs about other people's responsibility were related to only a subgroup of symptom types. Furthermore, the belief that one is more responsible than others predicts OC symptoms beyond commonly assessed personal beliefs about responsibility. Finally, individuals with OC symptoms tend to allocate more responsibility to themselves than others, compared to individuals without OC symptoms, despite the fact that individuals with OC symptoms believe that others tend to allocate responsibility equitably. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive models of OCD.


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