scholarly journals Comorbid substance use disorders with other Axis I and II mental disorders among treatment-seeking Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race people

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1940-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tzy Wu ◽  
Dan G. Blazer ◽  
Kenneth R. Gersing ◽  
Bruce Burchett ◽  
Marvin S. Swartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Axis I

scholarly journals Substance use disorders and co-morbidities among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-T. Wu ◽  
D. G. Blazer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Co Morbidity

BackgroundAsian Americans (AAs) and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHs/PIs) are the fastest growing segments of the US population. However, their population sizes are small, and thus AAs and NHs/PIs are often aggregated into a single racial/ethnic group or omitted from research and health statistics. The groups' substance use disorders (SUDs) and treatment needs have been under-recognized.MethodWe examined recent epidemiological data on the extent of alcohol and drug use disorders and the use of treatment services by AAs and NHs/PIs.ResultsNHs/PIs on average were less educated and had lower levels of household income than AAs. Considered as a single group, AAs and NHs/PIs showed a low prevalence of substance use and disorders. Analyses of survey data that compared AAs and NHs/PIs revealed higher prevalences of substance use (alcohol, drugs), depression and delinquency among NHs than among AAs. Among treatment-seeking patients in mental healthcare settings, NHs/PIs had higher prevalences of DSM-IV diagnoses than AAs (alcohol/drug, mood, adjustment, childhood-onset disruptive or impulse-control disorders), although co-morbidity was common in both groups. AAs and NHs/PIs with an SUD were unlikely to use treatment, especially treatment for alcohol problems, and treatment use tended to be related to involvement with the criminal justice system.ConclusionsAlthough available data are limited by small sample sizes of AAs and NHs/PIs, they demonstrate the need to separate AAs and NHs/PIs in health statistics and increase research into substance use and treatment needs for these fast-growing but understudied population groups.

scholarly journals Psychosocial stressors and the prognosis of major depression: a test of Axis IV

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Gilman ◽  
N.-H. Trinh ◽  
J. W. Smoller ◽  
M. Fava ◽  
J. M. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Axis I

BackgroundAxis IV is for reporting ‘psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mental disorders’. No studies have examined the prognostic value of Axis IV in DSM-IV.MethodWe analyzed data from 2497 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) with major depressive episode (MDE). We hypothesized that psychosocial stressors predict a poor prognosis of MDE. Secondarily, we hypothesized that psychosocial stressors predict a poor prognosis of anxiety and substance use disorders. Stressors were defined according to DSM-IV's taxonomy, and empirically using latent class analysis (LCA).ResultsPrimary support group problems, occupational problems and childhood adversity increased the risks of depressive episodes and suicidal ideation by 20–30%. Associations of the empirically derived classes of stressors with depression were larger in magnitude. Economic stressors conferred a 1.5-fold increase in risk for a depressive episode [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–1.9]; financial and interpersonal instability conferred a 1.3-fold increased risk of recurrent depression (95% CI 1.1–1.6). These two classes of stressors also predicted the recurrence of anxiety and substance use disorders. Stressors were not related to suicidal ideation independent from depression severity.ConclusionsPsychosocial and environmental problems are associated with the prognosis of MDE and other Axis I disorders. Although DSM-IV's taxonomy of stressors stands to be improved, these results provide empirical support for the prognostic value of Axis IV. Future work is needed to determine the reliability of Axis IV assessments in clinical practice, and the usefulness of this information to improving the clinical course of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracie O Afifi ◽  
Christine A Henriksen ◽  
Gordon J G Asmundson ◽  
Jitender Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To examine the association between a history of 5 types of childhood maltreatment (that is, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and several substance use disorders (SUDs), including alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, and nicotine, in a nationally representative US adult sex-stratified sample. Method: Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative US sample of adults aged 20 years and older (n = 34 653). Logistic regression models were conducted to understand the relations between 5 types of childhood maltreatment and SUDs separately among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I and II mental disorders. Results: All 5 types of childhood maltreatment were associated with increased odds of all individual SUDs among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, with the exception of physical neglect and heroin abuse or dependence, emotional neglect, and amphetamines and cocaine abuse or dependence among men (adjusted odds ratio range 1.3 to 4.7). After further adjustment for other DSM Axis I and II mental disorders, the relations between childhood maltreatment and SUDs were attenuated, but many remained statistically significant. Differences in the patterns of findings were noted for men and women for sexual abuse and emotional neglect. Conclusions: This research provides evidence of the robust nature of the relations between many types of childhood maltreatment and many individual SUDs. The prevention of childhood maltreatment may help to reduce SUDs in the general population.

scholarly journals Illicit and nonmedical drug use among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tzy Wu ◽  
Dan G. Blazer ◽  
Marvin S. Swartz ◽  
Bruce Burchett ◽  
Kathleen T. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians

scholarly journals Tobacco use among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals: 2002–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tzy Wu ◽  
Marvin S. Swartz ◽  
Bruce Burchett ◽  
NIDA AAPI Workgroup ◽  
Dan G. Blazer
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Marlene Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

scholarly journals Axis I comorbidity in adolescent inpatients referred for treatment of substance use disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Langenbach ◽  
Alexandra Spönlein ◽  
Eva Overfeld ◽  
Gaby Wiltfang ◽  
Niklas Quecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients
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