Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample

Objective: To examine the association between a history of 5 types of childhood maltreatment (that is, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and several substance use disorders (SUDs), including alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, and nicotine, in a nationally representative US adult sex-stratified sample. Method: Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative US sample of adults aged 20 years and older (n = 34 653). Logistic regression models were conducted to understand the relations between 5 types of childhood maltreatment and SUDs separately among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I and II mental disorders. Results: All 5 types of childhood maltreatment were associated with increased odds of all individual SUDs among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, with the exception of physical neglect and heroin abuse or dependence, emotional neglect, and amphetamines and cocaine abuse or dependence among men (adjusted odds ratio range 1.3 to 4.7). After further adjustment for other DSM Axis I and II mental disorders, the relations between childhood maltreatment and SUDs were attenuated, but many remained statistically significant. Differences in the patterns of findings were noted for men and women for sexual abuse and emotional neglect. Conclusions: This research provides evidence of the robust nature of the relations between many types of childhood maltreatment and many individual SUDs. The prevention of childhood maltreatment may help to reduce SUDs in the general population.

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Psychosocial stressors and the prognosis of major depression: a test of Axis IV

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712001080 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 303-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

S. E. Gilman ◽

N.-H. Trinh ◽

J. W. Smoller ◽

M. Fava ◽

J. M. Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Axis I

BackgroundAxis IV is for reporting ‘psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mental disorders’. No studies have examined the prognostic value of Axis IV in DSM-IV.MethodWe analyzed data from 2497 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) with major depressive episode (MDE). We hypothesized that psychosocial stressors predict a poor prognosis of MDE. Secondarily, we hypothesized that psychosocial stressors predict a poor prognosis of anxiety and substance use disorders. Stressors were defined according to DSM-IV's taxonomy, and empirically using latent class analysis (LCA).ResultsPrimary support group problems, occupational problems and childhood adversity increased the risks of depressive episodes and suicidal ideation by 20–30%. Associations of the empirically derived classes of stressors with depression were larger in magnitude. Economic stressors conferred a 1.5-fold increase in risk for a depressive episode [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–1.9]; financial and interpersonal instability conferred a 1.3-fold increased risk of recurrent depression (95% CI 1.1–1.6). These two classes of stressors also predicted the recurrence of anxiety and substance use disorders. Stressors were not related to suicidal ideation independent from depression severity.ConclusionsPsychosocial and environmental problems are associated with the prognosis of MDE and other Axis I disorders. Although DSM-IV's taxonomy of stressors stands to be improved, these results provide empirical support for the prognostic value of Axis IV. Future work is needed to determine the reliability of Axis IV assessments in clinical practice, and the usefulness of this information to improving the clinical course of mental disorders.

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From Childhood Maltreatment To Depression Behind Bars : Testing A Theoretical Model Of Adolescent Depression Among Juvenile Offenders

10.32920/ryerson.14665362 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sonya G. Wanklyn

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Incarcerated Youth ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Depression Severity

Despite research consistently demonstrating a link between childhood maltreatment and depression, our understanding of the potential mediators of this relationship remains limited. Based on the existing literature and corresponding theories, a theoretical model was constructed to assess the effects of childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, hopelessness, and substance use on adolescent offenders' depression severity. This model was tested for sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect using a series of path analyses. Impulsivity and hopelessness partially mediated the effects of childhood sexual abuse and emotional abuse on depression severity, and fully mediated the effects of childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect. Contrary to expectation, substance use did not mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression severity. These results suggest that childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, and hopelessness may be important variables to include in clinical research related to depression in incarcerated youth.

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Childhood Maltreatment in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Impact of Cut-Off Scores on Prevalence Rates

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Angelina Weitkämper ◽

Michael Kellner ◽

Jona Ruben Iffland ◽

Martin Driessen ◽

Hanna Kley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

The Impact

Childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in various psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, patients with disorders from the schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) appear to have high prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment. However, the interpretation and comparability of prevalence rates is impeded by methodological weaknesses and differences such as measures and thresholds used in previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to provide and compare systematically captured data on prevalence rates of all common types of childhood maltreatment in patients with SSD using a standardized and well-established questionnaire and the most frequently used thresholds. The sample consisted of 48 patients with a primary diagnosis of SSD. 58.3–77.1% of the sample experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment. Prevalence rates for physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were dependent on the thresholds used, while equal rates were found for emotional neglect and sexual abuse. Physical neglect (46–67%), and emotional abuse (44–48%) were most commonly reported, followed by emotional neglect (38%), physical abuse (25–38%), and sexual abuse (25%). Additionally, high levels of peer victimization were reported by SSD patients. It appears that childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in SSD, even though methodological details, especially cut-off scores, have a substantial impact on the prevalence rates that are determined. Therefore, the methodology of studies should be closely examined when drawing conclusions from presented prevalence rates.

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The Cedar Project: exploring the role of colonial harms and childhood maltreatment on HIV and hepatitis C infection in a cohort study involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in two Canadian cities

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e042545

Author(s):

Margo E Pearce ◽

Kate Jongbloed ◽

Sherri Pooyak ◽

Wenecwtsin M Christian ◽

Maaxswxw Gibuu (White Wolf) Mary Teegee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Well Being ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

People Who Use Drugs ◽

Physical Neglect

ObjectivesThis study examined associations between childhood maltreatment, colonial harms and sex/drug-related risks for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young Indigenous people who use drugs.DesignThe Cedar Project is a cohort involving young Indigenous people who use drugs in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Indigenous collaborators, collectively known as the Cedar Project Partnership, govern the entire research process.SettingVancouver is a large city on the traditional territory of the Coast Salish peoples. Prince George is a mid-sized city, on the traditional territory of Lheidli T’enneh First Nation.Participants420 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and returned for follow-up from 2003 to 2016.Primary/secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were HIV and HCV infection over the study period. Secondary outcomes included sex and substance use-related risks.ResultsPrevalence of childhood maltreatment was 92.6% experienced any maltreatment; 73.4% experienced emotional abuse; 62.6% experienced physical abuse; 60.3% experienced sexual abuse; 69.5% experienced emotional neglect and 79.1% experienced physical neglect. We observed significant associations between childhood maltreatment and apprehensions into residential schools and foster care. All maltreatment types were associated with higher odds of sex/substance use-related risks; sexual abuse was associated with higher odds of HCV infection (adjusted OR: 1.67; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.66; p=0.031).ConclusionsFindings reflect high prevalence of childhood maltreatment and their associations with HIV/HCV risk and HCV infection. Public health prevention and treatment initiatives must be trauma informed and culturally safe to support healing, health, and well-being.

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Onset and temporal sequencing of lifetime anxiety, mood and substance use disorders in the general population

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796013000577 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

T. Slade ◽

P. M. McEvoy ◽

C. Chapman ◽

R. Grove ◽

M. Teesson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Household Survey ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Temporal Sequencing ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Males And Females ◽

Nationally Representative

Aims.To date, very few studies have examined the bi-directional associations between mood disorders (MDs), anxiety disorders (ADs) and substance use disorders (SUDs), simultaneously. The aims of the current study were to determine the rates and patterns of comorbidity of the common MDs, ADs and SUDs and describe the onset and temporal sequencing of these classes of disorder, by sex.Methods.Data came from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, a nationally representative household survey with 8841 (60% response rate) community residents aged 16–85.Results.Pre-existing mental disorders increase the risk of subsequent mental disorders in males and females regardless of the class of disorder. Pre-existing SUDs increase the risk of subsequent MDs and ADs differentially for males and females. Pre-existing MDs increase the risk of subsequent ADs differentially for males and females.Conclusions.Comorbidity remains a significant public health issue and current findings point to the potential need for sex-specific prevention and treatment responses.

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Gender and the relationship between marital status and first onset of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291709991942 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 1495-1505 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

K. M. Scott ◽

J. E. Wells ◽

M. Angermeyer ◽

T. S. Brugha ◽

E. Bromet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Substance Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Marital Status ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Men And Women ◽

Increased Risk ◽

First Onset ◽

Reduced Risk

BackgroundPrior research on whether marriage is equally beneficial to the mental health of men and women is inconsistent due to methodological variation. This study addresses some prior methodological limitations and investigates gender differences in the association of first marriage and being previously married, with subsequent first onset of a range of mental disorders.MethodCross-sectional household surveys in 15 countries from the WHO World Mental Health survey initiative (n=34493), with structured diagnostic assessment of mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Discrete-time survival analyses assessed the interaction of gender and marital status in the association with first onset of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders.ResultsMarriage (versus never married) was associated with reduced risk of first onset of most mental disorders in both genders; but for substance use disorders this reduced risk was stronger among women, and for depression and panic disorder it was confined to men. Being previously married (versus stably married) was associated with increased risk of all disorders in both genders; but for substance use disorders, this increased risk was stronger among women and for depression it was stronger among men.ConclusionsMarriage was associated with reduced risk of the first onset of most mental disorders in both men and women but there were gender differences in the associations between marital status and onset of depressive and substance use disorders. These differences may be related to gender differences in the experience of multiple role demands within marriage, especially those concerning parenting.

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Cigarette smoking among those with mental disorders in the US population: 2012–2013 update

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054268 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Philip H Smith ◽

Mohammad Chhipa ◽

Josef Bystrik ◽

Jordan Roy ◽

Renee D Goodwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Epidemiologic Survey ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

The Usa ◽

Nationally Representative

BackgroundRecent nationally representative estimates from the USA suggest the prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to be much higher among those with mental disorders compared with those without; however, prevalence estimates for current cigarette use by specific diagnoses are outdated.MethodsWe analysed data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (2012–2013). We estimated the prevalence of lifetime and past-year smoking, lifetime and past-year daily smoking, and lifetime smoking cessation among ever smokers (ie, the quit ratio) among those with common mood, anxiety and substance use disorders in comparison to those without these disorders.ResultsAcross disorders, smoking prevalence was higher and the quit ratio was lower among those with common mental disorders compared with those without, with twofold to sixfold relativedifferences in the odds of the magnitude.ConclusionsDespite tobacco control advances since 2000 and resulting declines in smoking prevalence, smoking remains extraordinarily more common among those with mood, anxiety and substance use disorders, with highest rates among those with bipolar and substance use disorders.

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