The illicit use of opioids is the fastest growing substance use problem in the United States. There are three FDA- approved medications for maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone. Stimulants include cocaine and methamphetamines. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) is an amphetamine derivative that also has hallucinogenic properties. Treatment of stimulant withdrawal is primarily supportive. Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder may improve adherence, but they have not been shown to improve abstinence at the end of treatment. Benzodiazepines have been shown to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms related to alcohol withdrawal, in addition to reducing the risk of seizures. The Food and Drug Administration has approved disulfiram, acamprosate and naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
This review contains 3 tables, and 31 references.
Keywords: Opioid use disorder, maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder, stimulant use disorder, stimulant withdrawal, benzodiazepine overdose, benzodiazepine withdrawal, alcohol use disorder, alcohol withdrawal
Ambulatory detoxification in alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder
