Utilization of substance use treatment among criminal justice-involved individuals in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 108423
Author(s):  
Tawandra L. Rowell-Cunsolo ◽  
Meghan Bellerose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substance Use Treatment

A national study of the availability of law enforcement agency wellness programming for officers: A latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110640
Author(s):  
Bruce G Taylor ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Class Analysis

The purpose of this study is to understand the availability of employee wellness programs within law enforcement agencies (LEAs) across the United States, including physical fitness, resilience/wellness, coping skills, nutrition, mental health treatment, and substance use treatment. The research team investigated whether patterns of LEA wellness programming are identifiable and, if so, what characteristics describe these patterns. We assess using latent class analysis whether there are distinct profiles of agencies with similar patterns offering different types of wellness programs and explore what characteristics distinguish agencies with certain profiles of wellness programming. Data were from a nationally representative sample of 1135 LEAs: 80.1% municipal, 18.6% county and 1.3% other agencies (state-level and Bureau of Indian Affairs LEAs). We found that many agencies (62%) offer no wellness programming. We also found that 23% have comprehensive wellness programming, and that another group of agencies specialize in specific wellness programming. About 14% of the agencies have a high probability of providing resilience coping skill education, mental health and/or substance use treatment services programming. About 1% of the agencies in the United States limit their programming to fitness and nutrition, indicating that fitness and nutrition programs are more likely to be offered in concert with other types of wellness programs. The analyses revealed that agencies offering broad program support are more likely to be large, municipal LEAs located in either the West, Midwest or Northeast (compared with the southern United States), and not experiencing a recent budget cut that impacted wellness programming.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eviction on Maternal Criminal Justice Involvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311880896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Gottlieb ◽  
Jessica W. Moose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
States Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Millions of individuals in the United States experience eviction each year, with low-income women being particularly at risk. As a result, scholarship has increasingly sought to understand what the implications of eviction are for families. In this article, we build on this work by presenting the first estimates of the impact of eviction on criminal justice involvement for mothers in the U.S. context and examining three pathways that may help to explain these associations. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, adjusted estimates suggest that mothers who have been evicted have more than two times higher odds of experiencing criminal justice involvement. When we differentiate by eviction timing, we find that both recent and less recent evictions are associated with criminal justice involvement. Last, we find that eviction indirectly affects criminal justice involvement through future financial hardship and substance use.

scholarly journals “The elephant in the room;” a qualitative study of perinatal fears in opioid use disorder treatment in Southern Appalachia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Leiner ◽  
Tamara Cody ◽  
Nathan Mullins ◽  
Melinda Ramage ◽  
Bayla M. M. Ostrach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Subset Analysis

Abstract Background Diagnoses of perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) continue to rise in the United States. Patients and providers report obstacles to OUD treatment access. Difficulties include legal ambiguity related to Social Services notification requirements following a birth to people using opioids or in medication-assisted treatment for OUD. Methods Through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and a focus group conducted in a mostly rural, region of the Southern United States (where perinatal OUD is more prevalent), patients’ and providers’ perspectives about perinatal substance use treatment were initially sought for a larger study. The findings presented here are from a subset analysis of patients’ experiences and perspectives. Following ethics review and exemption determination, a total of 27 patient participants were opportunistically, convenience, and/or purposively sampled and recruited to participate in interviews and/or a focus group. Data were analyzed using modified Grounded Theory. Results When asked about overall experiences with and barriers to accessing perinatal substance use treatment, 11 of 27 participants reported concerns about Social Services involvement resulting from disclosure of their substance use during pregnancy. In the subset analysis, prevalent themes were Fears of Social Services Involvement, Preparation for Delivery, and Providers Addressing Fears. Conclusions Perinatal OUD patients may seek substance use treatment with existing fears of Social Services involvement. Patients appreciate providers’ efforts to prepare them for this potential reality. Providers should become aware of how their own hospital systems, counties, states, and countries interpret laws governing notification requirements. By becoming aware of patients’ fears, providers can be ready to discuss the implications of Social Services involvement, promote patient-centered decision-making, and increase trust.

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