scholarly journals Life‐time history of insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms as correlates of alcohol, cocaine and heroin use and relapse among adults seeking substance use treatment in the United States from 1991 to 1994

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Dolsen ◽  
Allison G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Time History ◽  
Life Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
History Of

A national study of the availability of law enforcement agency wellness programming for officers: A latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110640
Author(s):  
Bruce G Taylor ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Class Analysis

The purpose of this study is to understand the availability of employee wellness programs within law enforcement agencies (LEAs) across the United States, including physical fitness, resilience/wellness, coping skills, nutrition, mental health treatment, and substance use treatment. The research team investigated whether patterns of LEA wellness programming are identifiable and, if so, what characteristics describe these patterns. We assess using latent class analysis whether there are distinct profiles of agencies with similar patterns offering different types of wellness programs and explore what characteristics distinguish agencies with certain profiles of wellness programming. Data were from a nationally representative sample of 1135 LEAs: 80.1% municipal, 18.6% county and 1.3% other agencies (state-level and Bureau of Indian Affairs LEAs). We found that many agencies (62%) offer no wellness programming. We also found that 23% have comprehensive wellness programming, and that another group of agencies specialize in specific wellness programming. About 14% of the agencies have a high probability of providing resilience coping skill education, mental health and/or substance use treatment services programming. About 1% of the agencies in the United States limit their programming to fitness and nutrition, indicating that fitness and nutrition programs are more likely to be offered in concert with other types of wellness programs. The analyses revealed that agencies offering broad program support are more likely to be large, municipal LEAs located in either the West, Midwest or Northeast (compared with the southern United States), and not experiencing a recent budget cut that impacted wellness programming.

scholarly journals A model and predictions for COVID-19 considering population behavior and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Usherwood ◽  
Zachary LaJoie ◽  
Vikas Srivast
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Time History ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approach Zero ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The effect of vaccination coupled with the behavioral response of the population is not well understood. Our model incorporates two important dynamically varying population behaviors: level of caution and sense of safety. Level of caution increases with infectious cases, while an increasing sense of safety with increased vaccination lowers precautions. Our model accurately reproduces the complete time history of COVID-19 infections for various regions of the United States. We propose a parameter d_I as a direct measure of a population’s caution against an infectious disease that can be obtained from the infectious cases. The model provides quantitative measures of highest disease transmission rate, effective transmission rate, and cautionary behavior. We predict future COVID-19 trends in the United States accounting for vaccine rollout and behavior. Although a high rate of vaccination is critical to quickly ending the pandemic, a return towards pre-pandemic social behavior due to increased sense of safety during vaccine deployment can cause an alarming surge in infections. Our results predict that at the current rate of vaccination, the new infection cases for COVID-19 in the United States will approach zero by August 2021. This model can be used for other regions and for future epidemics and pandemics.

scholarly journals A model and predictions for COVID-19 considering population behavior and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Usherwood ◽  
Zachary LaJoie ◽  
Vikas Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Time History ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approach Zero ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe effect of vaccination coupled with the behavioral response of the population is not well understood. Our model incorporates two important dynamically varying population behaviors: level of caution and sense of safety. Level of caution increases with infectious cases, while an increasing sense of safety with increased vaccination lowers precautions. Our model accurately reproduces the complete time history of COVID-19 infections for various regions of the United States. We propose a parameter $$d_I$$ d I as a direct measure of a population’s caution against an infectious disease that can be obtained from the infectious cases. The model provides quantitative measures of highest disease transmission rate, effective transmission rate, and cautionary behavior. We predict future COVID-19 trends in the United States accounting for vaccine rollout and behavior. Although a high rate of vaccination is critical to quickly ending the pandemic, a return towards pre-pandemic social behavior due to increased sense of safety during vaccine deployment can cause an alarming surge in infections. Our results predict that at the current rate of vaccination, the new infection cases for COVID-19 in the United States will approach zero by August 2021. This model can be used for other regions and for future epidemics and pandemics.

scholarly journals Application of the Logistic Model to the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa and the United States: Correlations and Predictions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Time History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginal Fit ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
Internal Comparison

We apply the simple logistic model to the four waves of COVID-19 taking place in South Africa over the period 2020~January~1 through 2022 January 11. We show that this model provides an excellent fit to the time history of three of the four waves. We then derive a theoretical correlation between the growth rate of each wave and its duration, and demonstrate that it is well obeyed by the South Africa data. We then turn to the data for the United States. As shown by Roberts (2020a, 2020b), the basic logistic model provides only a marginal fit to the early data. Here we break the data into six "waves," and treat each one separately. For four of the six the logistic model is useful, and we present full results. We then ask if these data provide a way to predict the length of the ongoing Omicron wave in the US (commonly called "wave 4," but the sixth wave as we have broken the data up). Comparison of these data to those from South Arica, and internal comparison of the US data, suggests that this last wave will die out by about 2022-January-20.

scholarly journals “The elephant in the room;” a qualitative study of perinatal fears in opioid use disorder treatment in Southern Appalachia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Leiner ◽  
Tamara Cody ◽  
Nathan Mullins ◽  
Melinda Ramage ◽  
Bayla M. M. Ostrach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Subset Analysis

Abstract Background Diagnoses of perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) continue to rise in the United States. Patients and providers report obstacles to OUD treatment access. Difficulties include legal ambiguity related to Social Services notification requirements following a birth to people using opioids or in medication-assisted treatment for OUD. Methods Through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and a focus group conducted in a mostly rural, region of the Southern United States (where perinatal OUD is more prevalent), patients’ and providers’ perspectives about perinatal substance use treatment were initially sought for a larger study. The findings presented here are from a subset analysis of patients’ experiences and perspectives. Following ethics review and exemption determination, a total of 27 patient participants were opportunistically, convenience, and/or purposively sampled and recruited to participate in interviews and/or a focus group. Data were analyzed using modified Grounded Theory. Results When asked about overall experiences with and barriers to accessing perinatal substance use treatment, 11 of 27 participants reported concerns about Social Services involvement resulting from disclosure of their substance use during pregnancy. In the subset analysis, prevalent themes were Fears of Social Services Involvement, Preparation for Delivery, and Providers Addressing Fears. Conclusions Perinatal OUD patients may seek substance use treatment with existing fears of Social Services involvement. Patients appreciate providers’ efforts to prepare them for this potential reality. Providers should become aware of how their own hospital systems, counties, states, and countries interpret laws governing notification requirements. By becoming aware of patients’ fears, providers can be ready to discuss the implications of Social Services involvement, promote patient-centered decision-making, and increase trust.

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