Development of an EQ-5D Value Set for India Using an Extended Design (DEVINE) Study: The Indian 5-Level Version EQ-5D Value Set

Background The EORTC QLU-C10D is a multiattribute utility measure derived from the cancer-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, the EORTC QLQ-C30. The QLU-C10D contains 10 dimensions (physical, role, social and emotional functioning, pain, fatigue, sleep, appetite, nausea, bowel problems). The objective of this study was to develop a United States value set for the QLU-C10D. Methods A US online panel was quota recruited to achieve a representative sample for sex, age (≥18 y), race, and ethnicity. Respondents undertook a discrete choice experiment, each completing 16 choice-pairs, randomly assigned from a total of 960 choice-pairs. Each pair included 2 QLU-C10D health states and duration. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression, parameterized to fit the quality-adjusted life-year framework. Utility weights were calculated as the ratio of each dimension-level coefficient to the coefficient for life expectancy. Results A total of 2480 panel members opted in, 2333 (94%) completed at least 1 choice-pair, and 2273 (92%) completed all choice-pairs. Within dimensions, weights were generally monotonic. Physical functioning, role functioning, and pain were associated with the largest utility weights. Cancer-specific dimensions, such as nausea and bowel problems, were associated with moderate utility decrements, as were general issues such as problems with emotional functioning and social functioning. Sleep problems and fatigue were associated with smaller utility decrements. The value of the worst health state was 0.032, which was slightly greater than 0 (equivalent to being dead). Conclusions This study provides the US-specific value set for the QLU-C10D. These estimated health state scores, based on responses to the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, can be used to evaluate the cost-utility of oncology treatments.

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Robust Stabilization of Interval Plants with Uncertain Time-Delay Using the Value Set Concept

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9040429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 429

Author(s):

Pedro Zamora ◽

Alejandro Arceo ◽

Noé Martínez ◽

Gerardo Romero ◽

Luis E. Garza

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Robust Stabilization ◽

Parametric Uncertainty ◽

Exclusion Principle ◽

Control Synthesis ◽

Classical Orthogonal Polynomials ◽

Loop Control ◽

Value Set ◽

Interval Plants ◽

Uncertain Time

This paper considers the robust stabilization problem for interval plants with parametric uncertainty and uncertain time-delay based on the value set characterization of closed-loop control systems and the zero exclusion principle. Using Kharitonov’s polynomials, it is possible to establish a sufficient condition to guarantee the robust stability property. This condition allows us to solve the control synthesis problem using conditions similar to those established in the loopshaping technique and to parameterize the controllers using stable polynomials constructed from classical orthogonal polynomials.

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Estimating an EQ-5D-3L Value Set for Romania Using Time Trade-Off

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7415

Author(s):

Marian Sorin Paveliu ◽

Elena Olariu ◽

Raluca Caplescu ◽

Yemi Oluboyede ◽

Ileana-Gabriela Niculescu-Aron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Technology Assessment ◽

Technology Assessment ◽

Health Technology ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Health State ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Health Technologies ◽

Related Quality

Objective: To provide health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data to support health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement decisions in Romania, by developing a country-specific value set for the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Methods: We used the cTTO method to elicit health state values using a computer-assisted personal interviewing approach. Interviews were standardized following the most recent version of the EQ-VT protocol developed by the EuroQoL Foundation. Thirty EQ-5D-3L health states were randomly assigned to respondents in blocks of three. Econometric modeling was used to estimate values for all 243 states described by the EQ-5D-3L. Results: Data from 1556 non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years and older, selected from a national representative sample, were used to build the value set. All tested models were logically consistent; the final model chosen to generate the value set was an interval regression model. The predicted EQ-5D-3L values ranged from 0.969 to 0.399, and the relative importance of EQ-5D-3L dimensions was in the following order: mobility, pain/discomfort, self-care, anxiety/depression, and usual activities. Conclusions: These results can support reimbursement decisions and allow regional cross-country comparisons between health technologies. This study lays a stepping stone in the development of a health technology assessment process more driven by locally relevant data in Romania.

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Valuation of the EQ-5D-3L in Russia

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-021-02804-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vitaly Omelyanovskiy ◽

Nuriya Musina ◽

Svetlana Ratushnyak ◽

Tatiana Bezdenezhnykh ◽

Vlada Fediaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Problems ◽

Cost Utility ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Health State ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Model Combining ◽

Life Years

Abstract Purpose The most widely used generic questionnaire to estimate the quality of life for yielding quality-adjusted life years in economic evaluations is EQ-5D. Country-specific population value sets are required to use EQ-5D in economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to establish an EQ-5D-3L value set for Russia. Methods A representative sample aged 18+ years was recruited from the Russia`s general population. Computer-assisted face–to–face interviews were conducted based on the standardized valuation protocol using EQ-Portable Valuation Technology. Population preferences were elicited utilizing both composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) techniques. To estimate the value set, a hybrid regression model combining cTTO and DCE data was used. Results A total of 300 respondents who successfully completed the interview were included in the primary analysis. 120 (40.0%) respondents reported no health problems of any dimension, and 56 (18.7%) reported moderate health problems in one dimension of the EQ‐5D‐3L. Median self-rated health using EQ‐VAS was 80 with IQR 70–90. Comparing cTTO and DCE-predicted values for 243 health states resulted in a similar pattern. This supports the use of hybrid models. The predicted value based on the preferred model for the worst health state “33333” was −0.503. Mobility dimension had the most significant impact on the utility decrement, and anxiety/depression had the lowest decrement. Conclusion Determining a Russian national value set may be considered the first step towards promoting cost-utility analysis use to increase comparability among studies and improve the transferability of healthcare decision-making in Russia.

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Valuing health-related quality of life among the Indian population: a protocol for the Development of an EQ-5D Value set for India using an Extended design (DEVINE) Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e039517

Author(s):

Gaurav Jyani ◽

Shankar Prinja ◽

Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽

Mayur Trivedi ◽

Binod Patro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Added Value ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Health States ◽

Value Set ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Government

IntroductionQuality-adjusted life year (QALY) has been recommended by the government as preferred outcome measure for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in India. As country-specific health-related quality of life tariff values are essential for accurate measurement of QALYs, the government of India has commissioned the present study. The aim of this paper is to describe the methods for the Development of an EQ-5D Value set for India using an Extended design (DEVINE) Study. Additionally, this study aspires to establish if the design of 10-time trade-off (TTO) blocks is enough to generate valid value sets.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional survey using the EuroQol Group’s Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) will be undertaken in a sample of 2700 respondents selected from six different states of India using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The participants will be interviewed using computer-assisted personal interviewing technique. The TTO valuation will be done using 10 composite TTO (c-TTO) tasks and 7 discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks. Hybrid modelling approach using both c-TTO and DCE data to estimate the potential value set will be applied. Values of all 3125 health states will be predicted using both the conventional EQ-VT design of 10 blocks of 10 TTO tasks, and an extended design of 18 blocks of 10 TTO tasks. The potential added value of the eight additional blocks in overall validity will be tested. The study will deliver value set for India and assess the adequacy of existing 10-blocks design to be able to correctly predict the values of all 3125 health states.Ethics and disseminationThe ethical approval has been obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee of PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. The anonymised EQ-5D-5L value set will be available for general use and in the HTAs commissioned by India’s central HTA Agency.

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Structure of Pareto Solutions of Generalized Polyhedral-Valued Vector Optimization Problems in Banach Spaces

Abstract and Applied Analysis ◽

10.1155/2013/619206 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Qinghai He ◽

Weili Kong

Keyword(s):

Banach Spaces ◽

Vector Optimization ◽

Optimization Problems ◽

Vector Optimization Problem ◽

Solution Set ◽

Pareto Optimal ◽

Pareto Solution ◽

Value Set ◽

Set Valued Mapping ◽

Optimal Value

In general Banach spaces, we consider a vector optimization problem (SVOP) in which the objective is a set-valued mapping whose graph is the union of finitely many polyhedra or the union of finitely many generalized polyhedra. Dropping the compactness assumption, we establish some results on structure of the weak Pareto solution set, Pareto solution set, weak Pareto optimal value set, and Pareto optimal value set of (SVOP) and on connectedness of Pareto solution set and Pareto optimal value set of (SVOP). In particular, we improved and generalize, Arrow, Barankin, and Blackwell’s classical results in Euclidean spaces and Zheng and Yang’s results in general Banach spaces.

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A measure of the variability of revenue in auctions: A look at the revenue equivalence theorem

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences ◽

10.1155/jamds/2006/27417 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fernando Beltrán ◽

Natalia Santamaría

Keyword(s):

Equivalence Theorem ◽

Auction Theory ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Revenue Equivalence ◽

Extensive Simulation ◽

Value Set ◽

Equilibrium Bidding ◽

The One

One not-so-intuitive result in auction theory is the revenue equivalence theorem, which states that as long as an auction complies with some conditions, it will on average generate the same revenue to an auctioneer as the revenue generated by any other auction that complies with them. Surprisingly, the conditions are not defined on the payment rules to the bidders but on the fact that the bidders do not bid below a reserve value—set by the auctioneer—the winner is the one with the highest bidding and there is a common equilibrium bidding function used by all bidders. In this paper, we verify such result using extensive simulation of a broad range of auctions and focus on the variability or fluctuations of the results around the average. Such fluctuations are observed and measured in two dimensions for each type of auction: as the number of auctions grows and as the number of bidders increases.

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Valuation Survey of EQ-5D-Y Based on the International Common Protocol: Development of a Value Set in Japan

Medical Decision Making ◽

10.1177/0272989x211001859 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272989X2110018

Author(s):

Takeru Shiroiwa ◽

Shunya Ikeda ◽

Shinichi Noto ◽

Takashi Fukuda ◽

Elly Stolk

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice ◽

Health Care Policy ◽

Mixed Logit ◽

Health State ◽

Choice Data ◽

Social Functions ◽

Value Set ◽

A Value ◽

Value Sets ◽

Utility Scale

Background EQ-5D-Y is a preference-based measure for children and adolescents (aged 8–15 y). This is the first study to develop an EQ-5D-Y value set for converting EQ-5D-Y responses to index values. Methods We recruited 1047 respondents (aged 20–79 y) from the general population, stratified by gender and age group, in 5 Japanese cities. All data were collected through face-to-face surveys. Respondents were asked to value EQ-5D-Y states for a hypothetical 10-y-old child from a proxy perspective using composite time tradeoff (cTTO) and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The discrete choice data were analyzed using a mixed logit model. Latent DCE values were then converted to a 0 (death)/1 (full health) scale by mapping them to the cTTO values. Results The mean observed cTTO value of the worst health state [33333] was 0.20. Analysis of the DCE data showed that the coefficients of the domains related to mental functions (“Having pain or discomfort” and “Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy”) were larger than those for the domains related to physical and social functions. By converting latent DCE values to a utility scale, we constructed a value set for EQ-5D-Y. No inconsistencies were observed. The minimum predicted score was 0.288 [33333], and the second-best score was 0.957 [12111]. Conclusion A value set for EQ-5D-Y was successfully constructed. This is the first survey of an EQ-5D-Y value set. Interpreting the differences between EQ-5D-Y and EQ-5D-5L value sets is a future task with implications for health care policy.

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