Two-dimensional echocardiographic estimates of left atrial function in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Abstract Background Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), the most common naturally-occurring heart disease in dogs, is associated with alterations in energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Energy deprivation plays a causal role in the development of heart failure. This study was designed to determine if a cardiac protection blend (CPB) of nutrients containing medium-chain triglycerides as an alternative energy source, fish oil to reduce inflammation, antioxidants, and other key nutrients important to cardiac health and function could slow or prevent MMVD progression. Nineteen dogs with early stage MMVD and 17 breed-, age-, and sex-matched healthy dogs were enrolled for a 6-month blinded, placebo-controlled study. Dogs in each cardiac health group were randomly assigned to either control diet (CON) or CPB-supplemented diet. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results No changes were found in healthy dogs. While MMVD-CON dogs had an average 10% increase over baseline in left atrial diameter (LAD) and left atrial to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) at 6 months, MMVD-CPB dogs showed 3% decreases, resulting significant diet by time interactions (P = 0.037, P = 0.005, respectively). More MMVD-CON dogs progressed from stage B1 to B2 during the study. A positive correlation was found between 6-month changes in LAD and blood pressures in MMVD-CPB dogs (systolic: P = 0.050, diastolic: P = 0.035) but not MMVD-CON dogs. Conclusions Our results demonstrated efficacy of CPB-based dietary intervention in reducing LA size and mitral regurgitation, and in slowing or preventing the progression of early MMVD in dogs.

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Left atrial deformation and phasic function determined by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jvc.2018.01.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 102-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. Caivano ◽

M. Rishniw ◽

F. Birettoni ◽

V. Patata ◽

M.E. Giorgi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Speckle Tracking ◽

Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Two Dimensional

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Sonogram features of myxomatous mitral valve disease and abdominal organ dissorders in a senior mini pomeranian

ARSHI Veterinary Letters ◽

10.29244/avl.3.3.51-52 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 51-52

Author(s):

Nindya Dwi Utami ◽

Deni Noviana

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Color Flow ◽

Linear Probe ◽

Prolapsed Mitral Valve ◽

Fractional Shortening

A 12-years-old mini pomeranian with clinical symptom of coughing was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University for evaluation. The radiogram showed difus interstitial nodular pattern on the lungs and enlargement of the spleen. Abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography was performed to further diagnose the dog. Abdominal ultrasonography was taken using linear probe with frequency 5-11 MHz. Echocardiography was perfomed with right parasternal and left apical views using microconvex probe, with frequency 6-8.8 MHz. Abdominal utrasonogram showed that the dog had billiary sludge, mild splenitis, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Two dimensional Brightness-mode echocardiography showed thickened and prolapsed mitral valve. Two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography showed increasing of left ventricle lumen dimension (LVID) at systole, decreasing of fractional shortening (FS), and enlargement of left atrial. Color Flow Doppler-mode revealed there was mild regurgitation at the mitral valve. These results lead diagnosis to dilated cardiomyopathy and myxomatous mitral valve disease

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Assessment of Left Atrial Deformation and Function by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine ◽

10.1111/jvim.14722 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 641-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Baron Toaldo ◽

G. Romito ◽

C. Guglielmini ◽

A. Diana ◽

N.G. Pelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Speckle Tracking ◽

Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

And Function

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Evaluation of left atrial function in asymptomatic dogs with chronic myxomatous mitral valve disease: two-dimensional feature-tracking echocardiography and Simpson’s monoplanar methods

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 188-196

Author(s):

Mariana R. Coelho ◽

Ruthnea A.L. Muzzi ◽

Elaine M.S. Dorneles ◽

Guilherme G. Pereira ◽

Rosa M. Cabral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Feature Tracking ◽

Atrial Function ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Contraction Phase ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the volume and function of the left atrium by two-dimensional echocardiographic feature-tracking imaging (2D-FTI) and Simpson’s monoplanar modeling in dogs with asymptomatic degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). The study consisted of 80 dogs that were divided into the following three groups: Group 1, 21 dogs (A); Group 2, 30 dogs (B1) and Group 3, 29 dogs (B2). The variable strain (contraction phase) was significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 1 (12.92±4.54 x 16.69±5.74, p=0.014), and significant differences in the contraction strain index (CSI) were observed between all of the groups that were evaluated (1 = 46.82±8.10, 2 = 39.88±8.03, 3 = 35.25±5.64, p<0.0001). The atrial diastolic volume index (AdVi) that was measured by 2D-FTI was significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (1.31±0.95 x 0.96±0.31, p=0.038), and the atrial cardiac index (ACI) was also higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (102.38±80.18 x 78.19±33.38, p=0.030). Atrial function was assessed by Simpson’s monoplanar method, which demonstrated an increase in the left atrial systolic volume, while the contractile function decreased with an increasing disease severity (Group 1 0.21±0.06; Group 2 0.25±0.06; Group 3 0.32±0.08, p<0.0001). The intraobserver and interobserver assessments showed low to moderate variability; most of the values for the coefficient of variation for the variables that were analysed with each method were below 25%. Thus, DMVD was determined to cause an alteration in atrial function, especially in the contraction phase, and even in asymptomatic animals, and the methods of 2D-FTI echocardiography and Simpson’s monoplanar evaluation are sensitive and early methods for the detection of left atrial dysfunction.

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