An unsteady three-dimensional eutrophication model in Tolo harbour, Hong Kong

The influence of hilliness on walking behavior could be a consequence of the real effect of the local topography, but individual perception of the difficulties associated with walking in a hilly environment may also be important. Previous studies have found that people’s perceptions do not necessarily match well with the realities of walking in hilly environments. There are a few methods that can be used to visualize the geography of that difference for use by urban planners and public health practitioners. A walking accessibility measure that allows comparison of perception and reality is proposed and implemented in this study. We note that difficulties in calculating accessibility measures in the present context arise primarily from problems with data quality, three-dimensional pedestrian network modelling and the adequacy of accessibility methods for describing and predicting walking behavior. We present practical strategies for addressing these issues using geographic information systems. Our method is illustrated by calculating accessibility for a hilly university campus in Hong Kong. Walking behaviors on, and people’s perceptions of, this hilly environment were obtained through walking diaries and a survey. The article concludes with suggested directions for the future development of walking accessibility measures along with some ideas about their applicability to the practice of planning and designing a walkable environment.

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A physical modeling approach for identification of source regions of primary and secondary air pollutants

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-6-6467-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 6467-6496 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. C. F. Lo ◽

A. K. H. Lau ◽

Z. B. Yuan ◽

J. C. H. Fung ◽

F. Chen

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Power Plants ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Regional Transport ◽

Meteorological Model ◽

Secondary Air Pollutants ◽

Secondary Air ◽

The Pearl River

Abstract. This paper describes a simple but practical methodology to identify the contribution of primary and secondary air pollutants from the local/regional emission sources to Hong Kong, a highly urbanized city with complex terrain and coastlines. The meteorological model MM5 coupled with a three-dimensional, mutli-particle trajectory model is used to identify salient aspects of regional air pollutant transport characteristics during some typical meteorological conditions over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Several weighting factors are determined for calculating the air mass/pollutant trajectory and are used to evaluate the local and regional contribution of primary pollutants over the PRD to Hong Kong pollution. The relationships between emission inventories, physical paths and chemical transformation rates of the pollutants, and observational measurements are formulated. The local and regional contributions of secondary pollutants are obtained by this conceptual module under different weather scenarios. Our results demonstrate that major pollution sources over Hong Kong come from regional transport. In calm-weather situations, 78% of the respirable suspended particulates (RSP) totals in Hong Kong are contributed by regional transport, and 49% are contributed by the power plants within the PRD. In normal-day situations, 71% of the RSP are contributed by regional transport, and 45% are contributed by the power plants.

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Natural ingestion rates and grazing impact of the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris Dana in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong

Journal of Plankton Research ◽

10.1093/plankt/14.12.1757 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1757-1765 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C.Kim Wong ◽

Alice L.C. Chan ◽

K.W. Tang

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Grazing Impact ◽

Ingestion Rates ◽

Tolo Harbour

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Guanxi, Trust, and Long-Term Orientation in Chinese Business Markets

Journal of International Marketing ◽

10.1509/jimk.13.2.28.64860 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 28-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

Don Y. Lee ◽

Philip L. Dawes

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Chinese Culture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Business Markets ◽

Latent Construct ◽

Chinese Business ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

This research focuses on buying firms’ trust in a supplier's salesperson and posits that this type of trust is determined by characteristics of the salesperson, the interpersonal relationships between a salesperson and the buying firm's boundary personnel, and characteristics of personal interactions between these two parties. More important, the authors discuss the concept of interpersonal relationships in the context of Chinese culture and model it as a three-dimensional latent construct, which, in some literature, is called guanxi. A key aspect of this research is that the authors investigate the impact of each dimension of guanxi on salesperson trust separately. Moreover, the authors consider the buying firm's trust in the supplying firm and its long-term orientation toward the supplier the consequences of salesperson trust. To test the model, the authors use data collected from 128 buying organizations in Hong Kong. The sampled firms are from both the government and private sectors.

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