Phylogeographic analysis on the travel-related introduction of HIV-1 non-B subtypes to Northern Poland

Abstract Nigeria has been reported to have the highest number of AIDS-related deaths in the world. In this study, we aimed to use molecular epidemiology to investigate the HIV-1 diversity and phylodynamics in Nigeria. We analyzed 1,442 HIV-1 pol sequences collected from 1999 to 2014 from seven geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The main circulating strains, CRF02_AG (44.1% of the analyzed sequences), Subtype G (8.3%), and CRF43_02G (16.4%), were introduced to Nigeria in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, respectively. The number of effective infections decreased in Nigeria after the introduction of free antiretroviral treatment in 2006. We also found a significant number of unique recombinant forms (22.7%), the majority of which were recombinants between the two or three of the main circulating strains described above. In addition, phylogeographic analysis indicates multiple occasions of HIV-1 transmission between Lagos and Abuja (two of the main cities in Nigeria). Our results may be relevant for HIV-1 intervention and contribute in making informed decisions in strategies aiming at reducing further spread of HIV-1 in Nigeria.

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Characterisation of the HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology in Nigeria: Origin, Diversity, Demography and Geographic Spread

10.1101/410431 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jamirah Nazziwa ◽

Nuno Faria ◽

Beth Chaplin ◽

Holly Rawizza ◽

Patrick Dakum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Recombinant Strain ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Phylogeographic Analysis ◽

Geographic Spread ◽

The World ◽

The 1960S ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACTNigeria has been reported to have the highest number of AIDS-related deaths in the world. In this study, we aimed to determine the HIV-1 genetic diversity and phylodynamics in Nigeria. We analysed 1442 HIV-1polsequences collected 1999-2014 from four geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the main circulating strains was the circulating recombinant strain (CRF) 02_AG (44% of the analysed sequences), subtype G (8%), and CRF43_02G (16%); and that these were introduced in Nigeria in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, respectively. The number of effective infections decreased in Nigeria after the introduction of free antiretroviral treatment in 2006. We also found a significant number of unique recombinant forms (22.7%). The majority of those were recombinants between two or three of the main circulating strains. Seven of those recombinants may represent novel CRFs. Finally, phylogeographic analysis suggested multiple occasions of HIV-1 transmissions between Lagos and Abuja (two of the main cities in Nigeria), that HIV-1 epidemic started in these cities, and then dispersed into rural areas.IMPORTANCENigeria has the second largest HIV-1 epidemic in the world with the highest number of AIDS-related deaths. The few previous reports have focused on local HIV-1 subtype/CRF distributions in different Nigerian regions, and the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Nigeria as a whole is less well characterized. In this study, we describe the HIV-1 spatiotemporal dynamics of the five dominating transmission clusters representing the main characteristics of the epidemiology. Our results may contribute to inform prevention strategies against further spread of HIV-1 in Nigeria.

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Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 in Madrid, Spain: a Phylogeographic Analysis

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00454-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (20) ◽

pp. 10755-10763 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. M. Gonzalez-Alba ◽

A. Holguin ◽

R. Garcia ◽

S. Garcia-Bujalance ◽

R. Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Surveillance ◽

Phylogeographic Analysis ◽

Hiv 1

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Phylogeographic Analysis of HIV-1 Subtype C Dissemination in Southern Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0035649 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e35649 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gonzalo Bello ◽

Paolo M. de A. Zanotto ◽

Atila Iamarino ◽

Tiago Gräf ◽

Aguinaldo R. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Brazil ◽

Subtype C ◽

Phylogeographic Analysis ◽

Hiv 1

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Ultrastructural observations of human monocytes infected with HIV-1

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100084843 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 108-109

Author(s):

James K. Koehler ◽

Steven G. Reed ◽

Joao S. Silva

Keyword(s):

Gradient Centrifugation ◽

Virus Production ◽

Human Monocyte ◽

Red Cross ◽

Human Monocytes ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Hiv Replication ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Hiv 1

As part of a larger study involving the co-infection of human monocyte cultures with HIV and protozoan parasites, electron microscopic observations were made on the course of HIV replication and infection in these cells. Although several ultrastructural studies of the cytopathology associated with HIV infection have appeared, few studies have shown the details of virus production in “normal,” human monocytes/macrophages, one of the natural targets of the virus, and suspected of being a locus of quiescent virus during its long latent period. In this report, we detail some of the interactions of developing virons with the membranes and organelles of the monocyte host.Peripheral blood monocytes were prepared from buffy coats (Portland Red Cross) by Percoll gradient centrifugation, followed by adherence to cover slips. 90-95% pure monocytes were cultured in RPMI with 5% non-activated human AB serum for four days and infected with 100 TCID50/ml of HIV-1 for four hours, washed and incubated in fresh medium for 14 days.

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