Hyperspectral microscopy of subcutaneously released silver nanoparticles reveals sex differences in drug distribution

Micron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 103193
Author(s):  
Zahra Mahdieh ◽  
Britten Postma ◽  
Lou A. Herritt ◽  
Raymond F. Hamilton ◽  
Jack R. Harkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drug Distribution

Kinetics of intravenous chlordiazepoxide: Sex differences in drug distribution

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Greenblatt ◽  
Richard I. Shader ◽  
Kate Franke ◽  
Dean S. Maclaughlin ◽  
Bernard J. Ransil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Human and Animal Toxicology

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gochfeld
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Occupational Epidemiology ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Drug Studies

Sex, the states of being female or male, potentially interacts with all xenobiotic exposures, both inadvertent and deliberate, and influences their toxicokinetics (TK), toxicodynamics, and outcomes. Sex differences occur in behavior, exposure, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics, accounting for female–male differences in responses to environmental chemicals, diet, and pharmaceuticals, including adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Often viewed as an annoying confounder, researchers have studied only one sex, adjusted for sex, or ignored it. Occupational epidemiology, the basis for understanding many toxic effects in humans, usually excluded women. Likewise, Food and Drug Administration rules excluded women of childbearing age from drug studies for many years. Aside from sex-specific organs, sex differences and sex × age interactions occur for a wide range of disease states as well as hormone-influenced conditions and drug distribution. Women have more ADRs than men; the classic sex hormone paradigm (gonadectomy and replacement) reveals significant interaction of sex and TK including absorption, distribution, metabolisms, and elimination. Studies should be designed to detect sex differences, describe the mechanisms, and interpret these in a broad social, clinical, and evolutionary context with phenomena that do not differ. Sex matters, but how much of a difference is needed to matter remains challenging.

Author response for "Sex differences in the brains of capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus [Cebus] apella )"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Hecht ◽  
Olivia T. Reilly ◽  
Marcela Benítez ◽  
Kimberley A. Phillips ◽  
Sarah Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys

Cytopathology of Cardiac Tissue from Daunomycin-Treated Mice

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Robert H. Liss ◽  
Frances A. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Lung And Kidney

Daunomycin, an antibiotic used in the clinical management of acute leukemia, produces a delayed, lethal cardiac toxicity. The lethality is dose and schedule dependent; histopathologic changes induced by the drug have been described in heart, lung, and kidney from hamsters in both single and multiple dose studies. Mice given a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg) die 6-7 days later. Drug distribution studies indicate that the rodents excrete most of a single dose of the drug as daunomycin and metabolite within 48 hours after dosage (M. A. Asbell, personal communication).Myocardium from the ventricles of 6 moribund BDF1 mice which had received a single intravenous dose of daunomycin (10 mg/kg), and from controls dosed with physiologic saline, was fixed in glutaraldehyde and prepared for electron microscopy.

Auditory Perception of Rhyming in Kindergarten Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
June D. Knafle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consonant Sounds

One hundred and eighty-nine kindergarten children were given a CVCC rhyming test which included four slightly different types of auditory differentiation. They obtained a greater number of correct scores on categories that provided maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds than they did on categories that provided less than maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds. For both sexes, significant differences were found between the categories; although the sex differences were not significant, girls made more correct rhyming responses than boys on the most difficult category.

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