A novel Plasmodium falciparum ring stage protein, REX, is located in Maurer’s clefts

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula L. Hawthorne ◽  
Katharine R. Trenholme ◽  
Tina S. Skinner-Adams ◽  
Tobias Spielmann ◽  
Katja Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Maurer's Clefts

scholarly journals Trafficking and Association of Plasmodium falciparum MC-2TM with the Maurer’s Clefts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Yadavalli ◽  
John W. Peterson ◽  
Judith A. Drazba ◽  
Tobili Y. Sam-Yellowe
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Infected Erythrocyte ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Lipid Interactions ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Maurer's Clefts

In this study, we investigated stage specific expression, trafficking, solubility and topology of endogenous PfMC-2TM in P. falciparum (3D7) infected erythrocytes. Following Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment of parasites, PfMC-2TM traffic was evaluated using immunofluorescence with antibodies reactive with PfMC-2TM. PfMC-2TM is sensitive to BFA treatment and permeabilization of infected erythrocytes with streptolysin O (SLO) and saponin, showed that the N and C-termini of PfMC-2TM are exposed to the erythrocyte cytoplasm with the central portion of the protein protected in the MC membranes. PfMC-2TM was expressed as early as 4 h post invasion (hpi), was tightly colocalized with REX-1 and trafficked to the erythrocyte membrane without a change in solubility. PfMC-2TM associated with the MC and infected erythrocyte membrane and was resistant to extraction with alkaline sodium carbonate, suggestive of protein-lipid interactions with membranes of the MC and erythrocyte. PfMC-2TM is an additional marker of the nascent MCs.

The ring-stage of Plasmodium falciparum observed in RBCs of hospitalized malaria patients

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (23) ◽  
pp. 8007-8016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kozicki ◽  
Jacek Czepiel ◽  
Grażyna Biesiada ◽  
Piotr Nowak ◽  
Aleksander Garlicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Blood Samples

Raman spectra of the blood samples obtained directly from hospitalized malaria patients withPlasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum) in the ring-stage were analyzed.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Gambian Plasmodium falciparum to Dihydroartemisinin and Lumefantrine Detected by Ex Vivo Parasite Survival Rate Assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. e00720-20
Author(s):  
Haddijatou Mbye ◽  
Fatoumata Bojang ◽  
Aminata Seedy Jawara ◽  
Bekai Njie ◽  
Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Survival Assay

ABSTRACTMonitoring of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to antimalarial drugs in Africa is vital for malaria elimination. However, the commonly used ex vivo/in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) test gives inconsistent results for several antimalarials, while the alternative ring-stage survival assay (RSA) for artemisinin derivatives has not been widely adopted. Here, we applied an alternative two-color flow cytometry-based parasite survival rate assay (PSRA) to detect ex vivo antimalarial tolerance in P. falciparum isolates from The Gambia. The PSRA infers parasite viability by quantifying reinvasion of uninfected cells following 3 consecutive days of drug exposure (10-fold the IC50 of drug for field isolates). The drug survival rate is obtained for each isolate from the slope of the growth/death curve. We obtained parasite survival rates of 41 isolates for dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and lumefantrine (LUM) out of 51 infections tested by ring-stage survival assay (RSA) against DHA. We also determined the genotypes for known drug resistance genetic loci in the P. falciparum genes Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Pfmdr, Pfcrt, and Pfk13. The PSRA results determined for 41 Gambian isolates showed faster killing and lower variance after treatment with DHA than after treatment with LUM, despite a strong correlation between the two drugs. Four and three isolates were tolerant to DHA and LUM, respectively, with continuous growth during drug exposure. Isolates with the PfMDR1-Y184F mutant variant showed increased LUM survival, though the results were not statistically significant. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) resistance markers were fixed, while all other antimalarial variants were prevalent in more than 50% of the population. The PSRA detected ex vivo antimalarial tolerance in Gambian P. falciparum. This calls for its wider application and for increased vigilance against resistance to artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in this population.

scholarly journals Febrile temperatures induce cytoadherence of ring-stage Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (18) ◽  
pp. 11825-11829 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Udomsangpetch ◽  
B. Pipitaporn ◽  
K. Silamut ◽  
R. Pinches ◽  
S. Kyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ring Stage

Adhesion of normal and Plasmodium falciparum ring–infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells and the placenta involves the rhoptry-derived ring surface protein-2

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 5025-5032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Bernard Lekana Douki ◽  
Yvon Sterkers ◽  
Catherine Lépolard ◽  
Boubacar Traoré ◽  
Fabio T. M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Current View ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Surface Fluorescence ◽  
Falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein

Abstract Recent findings have challenged the current view of Plasmodium falciparum (P falciparum) blood-stage biology by demonstrating the cytoadhesion of early ring-stage–infected erythrocytes (rIEs) to host endothelial cells and placental syncytiotrophoblasts. The adhesion of rIEs was observed only in parasites that bind to the placenta via chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). In this work, a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically inhibit cytoadhesion of rIEs but not of mature IEs was generated The previously described ring surface protein 2 (RSP-2), a 42-kDa protein, was identified as the target of the ring-stage–specific mAbs. Time course surface fluorescence experiments revealed a short overlap (approximately 4 hours) of expression between RSP-2 and P falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). Their consecutive expression enables IEs to adhere to endothelial cells during the entire blood-stage cycle. During this study, a new phenotype was detected in parasite cultures, the adhesion of normal erythrocytes (nEs) to endothelial cells. All adherent nEs were coated with RSP-2. Immunolocalization studies show that RSP-2 is a rhoptry-derived protein that is discharged onto the erythrocyte membrane during contact with merozoites. Our results identify RSP-2 as a key molecule in sequestration of young blood-stage forms and nEs to endothelial cells.

Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage-infected erythrocytes

10.1038/81374 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pouvelle ◽  
P.A. Buffet ◽  
C. Lépolard ◽  
A. Scherf ◽  
J. Gysin
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ring Stage

Optimal assay design for determining the in vitro sensitivity of ring stage Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinins

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 893-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley C. Xie ◽  
Con Dogovski ◽  
Shannon Kenny ◽  
Leann Tilley ◽  
Nectarios Klonis
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Assay Design

scholarly journals The Cytoplasmic Region of Plasmodium falciparum SURFIN4.2 Is Required for Transport from Maurer’s Clefts to the Red Blood Cell Surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Kagaya ◽  
Shinya Miyazaki ◽  
Kazuhide Yahata ◽  
Nobuo Ohta ◽  
Osamu Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cytoplasmic Region ◽  
Maurer's Clefts

scholarly journals Kelch Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Protein K13 Do Not Modulate Dormancy after Artemisinin Exposure and Sorbitol Selection In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F. Breglio ◽  
Rifat S. Rahman ◽  
Juliana M. SÃ ◽  
Amanda Hott ◽  
David J. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Ring Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Falciparum Protein

ABSTRACT Some Kelch mutations of the Plasmodium falciparum K13 protein confer increased survival to dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-treated ring-stage parasites. Here, we asked if K13 mutations affect a dormancy phenotype allowing parasites to survive DHA exposure and then sorbitol selection. Although recrudescence from dormancy differed between two distinct parasite lines, it was similar for isogenic lines carrying single-site substitutions in K13. Therefore, K13 mutations do not alter the DHA-sorbitol combined dormancy phenotype; rather, traits from other loci likely determine this phenotype.

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