scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Gingiva in the Tactile Function of Teeth at the Cortical Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 136198
Author(s):  
Jinlang Xue ◽  
Duo Wang ◽  
Anqi Jin ◽  
Jianxiang Tao ◽  
Hongbo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Level

Neural plasticity in speech acquisition and learning

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANG ZHANG ◽  
YUE WANG
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Speech Acquisition ◽  
Cortical Level ◽  
Phonetic Learning ◽  
Neural Efficiency ◽  
Brain Behavior

Neural plasticity in speech acquisition and learning is concerned with the timeline trajectory and the mechanisms of experience-driven changes in the neural circuits that support or disrupt linguistic function. In this selective review, we discuss the role of phonetic learning in language acquisition, the “critical period” of learning, the agents of neural plasticity, and the distinctiveness of linguistic systems in the brain. In particular, we argue for the necessity to look at brain–behavior connections using modern brain imaging techniques, seek explanations based on measures of neural sensitivity, neural efficiency, neural specificity and neural connectivity at the cortical level, and point out some key factors that may facilitate or limit second language learning. We conclude by highlighting the theoretical and practical issues for future studies and suggest ways to optimize language learning and treatment.

Salience, saccades, and the role of cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
Kathleen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Cortical Level ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Walker’S Model ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Oculomotor Function ◽  
Saccade Generation

Findlay & Walker's target article proposes a model of saccade generation related to the underlying neuroscience. A problem with such models is the number of brain areas showing oculomotor function. Traditionally, therefore, models have been partial, usually concentrating either on cortex (Liu et al. 1997; Pierrot Deseilligny et al. 1995) or on the superior colliculus and brainstem circuits (Moschovakis 1994; Van Gisbergen et al. 1993). Findlay & Walker's model attempts to integrate both levels within a functional framework. To some extent it falls between two stools. For example, some functions that the authors ascribe to subcortical regions may actually occur at the cortical level.

Role of NO in cyclosporin nephrotoxicity: effects of chronic NO inhibition and NO synthases gene expression

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. F791-F798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma A. Bobadilla ◽  
Gerardo Gamba ◽  
Edilia Tapia ◽  
Romeo García-Torres ◽  
Alexis Bolio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Cortical Level ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Enos Mrna ◽  
Proximal Tubular

The role of nitric oxide (NO) during cyclosporin renal vasoconstriction was evaluated by glomerular hemodynamic and histological changes produced by chronic NO synthesis inhibition and neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS) NO synthases mRNA expression in renal cortex and medulla. Uninephrectomized rats treated during 7 days with vehicle (Veh), cyclosporin A (CsA) 30 mg/kg, CsA + nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), and Veh +l-NAME (10 mg/dl) in the drinking water were studied. Increase in arterial pressure and afferent and efferent resistances, as well as decrease in glomerular plasma flow, ultrafiltration coefficient, and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate were significantly greater with CsA +l-NAME than with CsA alone. The increase in afferent resistance was higher with CsA +l-NAME than with Veh +l-NAME. In addition, glomerular thrombosis, proximal tubular vacuolization, and arteriolar thickening were more prominent. In renal cortex, eNOS mRNA expression exhibited a 2.7-fold increase in CsA, whereas, in medulla, nNOS and iNOS expression were lower in CsA than in Veh, while eNOS tended to increase. Our results support the hypothesis that NO synthesis is enhanced at cortical level during CsA nephrotoxicity, counterbalancing predominantly preglomerular vasoconstriction. Higher NO production could be the result of increased eNOS mRNA expression.

scholarly journals Disrupted Auto-Activation, Dysexecutive and Confabulating Syndrome Following Bilateral Thalamic and Right Putaminal Stroke

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieve De Witte ◽  
Sebastiaan Engelborghs ◽  
Jo Verhoeven ◽  
Peter P. De Deyn ◽  
Peter Mariën
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Level ◽  
Thalamic Lesions ◽  
The Right

Objective: Clinical, neuropsychological, structural and functional neuroimaging results are reported in a patient who developed a unique combination of symptoms after a bi-thalamic and right putaminal stroke. The symptoms consisted of dysexecutive disturbances associated with confabulating behavior and auto-activation deficits. Background: Basal ganglia and thalamic lesions may result in a variety of motor, sensory, neuropsychological and behavioral syndromes. However, the combination of a dysexecutive syndrome complicated at the behavioral level with an auto-activation and confabulatory syndrome has never been reported. Methods: Besides clinical and neuroradiological investigations, an extensive set of standardized neuropsychological tests was carried out. Results: In the post-acute phase of the stroke, a dysexecutive syndrome was found in association with confabulating behavior and auto-activation deficits. MRI showed focal destruction of both thalami and the right putamen. Quantified ECD SPECT revealed bilateral hypoperfusions in the basal ganglia and thalamus but no perfusion deficits were found at the cortical level. Conclusion: The combination of disrupted auto-activation, dysexecutive and confabulating syndrome in a single patient following isolated subcortical damage renders this case exceptional. Although these findings do not reveal a functional disruption of the striato-ventral pallidal-thalamic-frontomesial limbic circuitry, they add to the understanding of the functional role of the basal ganglia in cognitive and behavioral syndromes.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document