scholarly journals Response bias reveals the role of interhemispheric inhibitory networks in movement preparation and execution

2021 ◽  
pp. 108120
Author(s):  
Rohan Puri ◽  
Mark R. Hinder
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Inhibitory Networks

scholarly journals Response bias reveals the role of interhemispheric inhibitory networks in movement preparation and execution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Puri ◽  
Mark R. Hinder
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Congruent Trial ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
Movement Selection

Human movement is influenced by various cognitive processes, such as bias, that dynamically shape competing movement representations. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of bias on movement selection across the lifespan remains poorly understood.Healthy young (n = 21) and older (n = 20) adults completed a choice reaction time task necessitating left- or right-hand responses to imperative stimuli (IS). Response bias was manipulated via a cue that informed participants a particular response was 70% likely (i.e., the IS was either congruent, or incongruent, with the cue); biasing was either fixed for blocks of trials (block-wise bias) or varied from trial-to-trial (trial-wise bias). As well as assessing the behavioural manifestations of bias, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to determine changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and short- and long-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI, LIHI) during movement preparation and execution. Participants responded more quickly, and accurately, in congruent compared to incongruent trials. CSE decreases occurred in both hands following the cue, consistent with the ‘inhibition for impulse control’ hypothesis of preparatory inhibition. In contrast, IHI modulations occurred in a hand-specific manner. Greater SIHI was observed during movement preparation in the hand biased away from, compared to the hand biased towards, the cue; furthermore, greater SIHI was observed during movement execution in the hand biased towards the cue when it was not required to respond (i.e., incongruent trial) compared to when it was required to respond (congruent trial). Additionally, during the movement preparation period, the LIHI ratio of the hand biased towards, compared to the hand biased away from, the cue was greatest when the cue varied trial-by-trial. Overall, the IHI results provide support for the ‘inhibition for competition resolution’ hypothesis, with hand specific modulation of inhibition during movement preparation and execution.

Involvement of Subcortical Structures in the Preparation of Self-Paced Movement

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Paradiso ◽  
Danny Cunic ◽  
Robert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Although it has long been suggested that the basal ganglia and thalamus are involved in movement planning and preparation, there was little direct evidence in humans to support this hypothesis. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, tremor, and dystonia. In patients undergoing DBS surgery, we recorded simultaneously from scalp contacts and from electrodes surgically implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of 13 patients with Parkinson's disease and in the “cerebellar” thalamus of 5 patients with tremor. The aim of our studies was to assess the role of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop through the STN and the cerebello-thalamocortical circuit through the “cerebellar” thalamus in movement preparation. The patients were asked to perform self-paced wrist extension movements. All subjects showed a cortical readiness potential (RP) with onset ranging between 1.5 to 2s before the onset of movement. Subcortical RPs were recorded in 11 of 13 with electrodes in the STN and in 4 of 5 patients with electrodes in the thalamus. The onset time of the STN and thalamic RPs were not significantly different from the onset time of the scalp RP. The STN and thalamic RPs were present before both contralateral and ipsilateral hand movements. Postoperative MRI studies showed that contacts with maximum RP amplitude generally were inside the target nucleus. These findings indicate that both the basal ganglia and the cerebellar circuits participate in movement preparation in parallel with the cortex.

Bursting in Inhibitory Interneuronal Networks: A Role for Gap-Junctional Coupling

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Skinner ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Perez Velazquez ◽  
P. L. Carlen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Minimal Network ◽  
Junctional Coupling ◽  
Synchronization Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Gap Junctional Coupling ◽  
Inhibitory Networks

Bursting in inhibitory interneuronal networks: a role for gap-junctional coupling. Much work now emphasizes the concept that interneuronal networks play critical roles in generating synchronized, oscillatory behavior. Experimental work has shown that functional inhibitory networks alone can produce synchronized activity, and theoretical work has demonstrated how synchrony could occur in mutually inhibitory networks. Even though gap junctions are known to exist between interneurons, their role is far from clear. We present a mechanism by which synchronized bursting can be produced in a minimal network of mutually inhibitory and gap-junctionally coupled neurons. The bursting relies on the presence of persistent sodium and slowly inactivating potassium currents in the individual neurons. Both GABAA inhibitory currents and gap-junctional coupling are required for stable bursting behavior to be obtained. Typically, the role of gap-junctional coupling is focused on synchronization mechanisms. However, these results suggest that a possible role of gap-junctional coupling may lie in the generation and stabilization of bursting oscillatory behavior.

scholarly journals Motor training strengthens corticospinal suppression during movement preparation

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656-1666
Author(s):  
Pierre Vassiliadis ◽  
Gerard Derosiere ◽  
Julien Grandjean ◽  
Julie Duque
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Corticospinal Pathway

Movement preparation involves a broad suppression in the excitability of the corticospinal pathway, a phenomenon called preparatory suppression. Here, we show that motor training strengthens preparatory suppression and that this strengthening is associated with faster reaction times. Our findings highlight a key role of preparatory suppression in training-driven behavioral improvements.

Perception of Danger Signals: The Role of Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Brandtstädter ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Danger Signals ◽  
Experimental Game

Abstract. How does the perceptual system process stimuli that signal aversive outcomes or dangers? Considering the functional links between perception, attention, and action regulation, we posit that when people can avoid the aversive consequences, sensitivity of the perceptual system to danger signals should be enhanced, whereas it should be reduced when there is no such option. To test this prediction, we used a search task in which tachistoscopically presented conjunctions of features had to be detected. Parameters of sensitivity and response bias were analyzed drawing on procedures from signal detection theory. Although the experimental procedure rewarded correct responses, the predicted asymmetry emerged. For stimuli that were linked to a negative consequence (loss of points in the experimental game), perceptual sensitivity was enhanced when participants had the opportunity to neutralize the loss in a second task; an opposite pattern emerged when they had no such opportunity.

Response bias in the measurement of salesperson orientations: The role of impression management

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1014-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Johnson ◽  
Eugene Sivadas ◽  
Vishal Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Response Bias

The Role of Individual Differences in Confidence and Response Bias

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1248
Author(s):  
Do Hyung Kim ◽  
Kyung Soo Lee ◽  
Kyeong Tae Kim ◽  
Su Ran Lee ◽  
Hye Bin Rim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Response Bias

Reply to Block

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034-1034
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Hill ◽  
R. W. Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White College

To examine the role of beliefs about time in the epistemic differences between black and white college students, we agree with Block that use of all four wordings of the Temporal Inventory on Meaning and Experience is desirable to assess response bias.

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