scholarly journals Brain preparedness: The proactive role of the cortisol awakening response in hippocampal-prefrontal functional interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 102127
Author(s):  
Bingsen Xiong ◽  
Changming Chen ◽  
Yanqiu Tian ◽  
Shouwen Zhang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Proactive Role

scholarly journals A proactive role of water molecules in acceptor recognition by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessika Valero-González ◽  
Christina Leonhard-Melief ◽  
Erandi Lira-Navarrete ◽  
Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés ◽  
Cristina Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Molecules ◽  
Proactive Role

Comparative studies on glial markers

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
B. I. Roots
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biochemical Differentiation

Macromolecular markers for glial cells have been sought for a variety of reasons. One of the earliest was the need for a means of assessing the purity of cell and subcellular fractions prepared from nervous tissue. While there is still a requirement for this kind of tool, emphasis has shifted towards seeking information on biochemical differentiation among cells and their functional interactions. A brief general review will be made of glial markers and two of these, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and glutamine synthetase (GS), will be considered in detail. Until recently studies of markers have been concentrated on the higher vertebrates and those on lower vertebrates and invertebrates have hardly begun. However, such comparative studies may lead to fresh insight into old problems. For example, CNP has long been regarded as a marker for myelin and oligodendrocytes but it has not been possible to attribute a functional role to it and its relation to myelination has remained obscure. The finding that it is present in the glia of a moth Manduca sexta which lacks myelin provides a stimulus for a fresh approach to the problem. Another example is provided by studies on GS. This enzyme is found in astrocyte feet and preliminary results indicate that it is localized also in the perineurial glia of Aplysia ganglia. These results lead to a reconsideration of the perennial question of the possible role of astrocyte feet in barrier mechanisms. Extension of comparative studies may not only raise new questions but also provide some answers.

Slavery, Resistance(s) and Abolition in Early Nineteenth-Century Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mareite
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Emancipation ◽  
Proactive Role

Abstract Chile’s abolition of slavery (1823) has commonly been framed within a self-congratulatory narrative that emphasizes the philanthropic role of republican elites and the peaceful nature of slave emancipation. The traditional narrative not only views abolition as an ideologically inspired gift from the elites, but also underscores Chile’s exceptionalism vis-à-vis other South American emancipation processes—in Chile, unlike in the rest of the continent, the eradication of slavery was supposedly both politically and socially insignificant. This article challenges two of this narrative’s assumptions: first, that consensus characterized the abolition of slavery in Chile, and second, that abolition was simply a philanthropic concession from the new nation’s republican elites. Instead, this study highlights how officials, slaveholders and enslaved people transformed slavery and its dismantlement into a contested issue. It also explores the proactive role that enslaved people played in undermining the institution of slavery throughout Chile, ultimately leading to its abolition.

scholarly journals Multiplex core–periphery organization of the human connectome

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (146) ◽  
pp. 20180514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Battiston ◽  
Jeremy Guillon ◽  
Mario Chavez ◽  
Vito Latora ◽  
Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Functional Brain Networks

What is the core of the human brain is a fundamental question that has been mainly addressed by studying the anatomical connections between differently specialized areas, thus neglecting the possible contributions from their functional interactions. While many methods are available to identify the core of a network when connections between nodes are all of the same type, a principled approach to define the core when multiple types of connectivity are allowed is still lacking. Here, we introduce a general framework to define and extract the core–periphery structure of multi-layer networks by explicitly taking into account the connectivity patterns at each layer. We first validate our algorithm on synthetic networks of different size and density, and with tunable overlap between the cores at different layers. We then use our method to merge information from structural and functional brain networks, obtaining in this way an integrated description of the core of the human connectome. Results confirm the role of the main known cortical and subcortical hubs, but also suggest the presence of new areas in the sensori-motor cortex that are crucial for intrinsic brain functioning. Taken together these findings provide fresh evidence on a fundamental question in modern neuroscience and offer new opportunities to explore the mesoscale properties of multimodal brain networks.

scholarly journals Study of Long-Distance Functional Interactions between Su(Hw) Insulators That Can Regulate Enhancer-Promoter Communication in Drosophila melanogaster

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Savitskaya ◽  
Larisa Melnikova ◽  
Margarita Kostuchenko ◽  
Elena Kravchenko ◽  
Ekaterina Pomerantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Pairing Interaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Enhancer Blocking

ABSTRACT The Su(Hw) insulator found in the gypsy retrotransposon is the most potent enhancer blocker in Drosophila melanogaster. However, two such insulators in tandem do not prevent enhancer-promoter communication, apparently because of their pairing interaction that results in mutual neutralization. Furthering our studies of the role of insulators in the control of gene expression, here we present a functional analysis of a large set of transgenic constructs with various arrangements of regulatory elements, including two or three insulators. We demonstrate that their interplay can have quite different outcomes depending on the order of and distance between elements. Thus, insulators can interact with each other over considerable distances, across interposed enhancers or promoters and coding sequences, whereby enhancer blocking may be attenuated, cancelled, or restored. Some inferences concerning the possible modes of insulator action are made from collating the new data and the relevant literature, with tentative schemes illustrating the regulatory situations in particular model constructs.

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