Exercise addiction: A study of eating disorder symptoms, quality of life, personality traits and attachment styles

ObjectiveTreatment options for severe, enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN) are limited. Non-invasive neuromodulation is a promising emerging intervention. Our study is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in individuals with SE-AN, which aims to inform the design of a future large-scale trial.DesignDouble-blind, parallel group, two-arm, sham-controlled trial.SettingSpecialist eating disorders centre.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling people with anorexia nervosa, an illness duration of ≥3 years and at least one previous completed treatment.InterventionsParticipants received 20 sessions (administered over 4 weeks) of MRI-guided real or sham high-frequency rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in addition to treatment-as-usual.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were recruitment, attendance and retention rates. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptoms, mood, quality of life and rTMS safety and tolerability. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment and follow-up (ie, at 0 month, 1 month and 4 months post-randomisation).ResultsThirty-four participants (17 per group) were randomly allocated to real or sham rTMS. One participant per group was withdrawn prior to the intervention due to safety concerns. Two participants (both receiving sham) did not complete the treatment. rTMS was safe and well tolerated. Between-group effect sizes of change scores (baseline to follow-up) were small for BMI (d=0.2, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.90) and eating disorder symptoms (d=0.1, 95% CI −0.60 to 0.79), medium for quality of life and moderate to large (d=0.61 to 1.0) for mood outcomes, all favouring rTMS over sham.ConclusionsThe treatment protocol is feasible and acceptable to participants. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence for the therapeutic potential of rTMS in SE-AN. Largest effects were observed on variables assessing mood. This study supports the need for a larger confirmatory trial to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-session rTMS in SE-AN. Future studies should include a longer follow-up period and an assessment of cost-effectiveness.Trial registration numberISRCTN14329415; Pre-results.

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The Effects of Aesthetic Breast Augmentation on Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Prospective Study

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00266-012-9917-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 1090-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kai M. M. Saariniemi ◽

Marjo H. Helle ◽

Asko M. Salmi ◽

Hilkka H. Peltoniemi ◽

Pia Charpentier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Breast Augmentation ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Aesthetic Breast

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A bidirectional relationship between eating disorder symptoms and quality of life supports a recovery focussed approach to treatment

Australian Occupational Therapy Journal ◽

10.1111/1440-1630.12413 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 345-347

Author(s):

Kirsti Haracz ◽

Emma Robson

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

Bidirectional Relationship

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Eating disorder symptoms and quality of life: Where should clinicians place their focus in severe and enduring anorexia nervosa?

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/eat.22327 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Bryony Bamford ◽

Christina Barras ◽

Richard Sly ◽

Colleen Stiles-Shields ◽

Stephen Touyz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms

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Abdominoplasty Improves Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Prospective Study

Plastic Surgery International ◽

10.1155/2014/197232 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kai M. M. Saariniemi ◽

Asko M. Salmi ◽

Hilkka H. Peltoniemi ◽

Marjo H. Helle ◽

Pia Charpentier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Sexual Functioning ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

The Mean

Background. Only some studies provide sufficient data regarding the effects of nonpostbariatric (aesthetic) abdominoplasty on various aspects of quality of life. Nevertheless, when considering the effects on eating habits, publications are lacking. Therefore we decided to assess the effects of nonpostbariatric abdominoplasty on eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress, and quality of life. Materials and Methods. 64 consecutive women underwent nonpostbariatric abdominoplasty. Three outcome measures were completed: the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Raitasalo’s modification of the Beck Depression Inventory (RBDI), and the 15D general quality of life questionnaire. Results. The mean age at baseline was 42 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) 26.4. Fifty-three (83%) women completed all the outcome measures with a mean follow-up time of 5 months. A significant improvement from baseline to follow-up was noted in women’s overall quality of life, body satisfaction, effectiveness, sexual functioning, and self-esteem. The women were significantly less depressive and had significantly less drive for thinness as well as bulimia, and their overall risk of developing an eating disorder also decreased significantly. Conclusions. Abdominoplasty results in significantly improved quality of life, body satisfaction, effectiveness, sexual functioning, self-esteem, and mental health. The risk of developing an eating disorder is decreased significantly. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02151799.

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Pornography use in sexual minority males: Associations with body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867417728807 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Scott Griffiths ◽

Deborah Mitchison ◽

Stuart B Murray ◽

Jonathan M Mond

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Online Survey ◽

Anabolic Steroids ◽

Minority Males ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

Pornography Use

Objective: We examined two hypotheses regarding the potential association of pornography use with body image–related and eating disorder–related psychopathology among sexual minority males (i.e. non-heterosexual males). Our primary hypothesis was that pornography use would be associated with males’ body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life impairment; our secondary hypothesis was that the type of pornography, namely, professional versus amateur pornography, which contains idealised and non-idealised (i.e. regular) bodies, respectively, would moderate these associations. Methods: A sample of 2733 sexual minority males living in Australia and New Zealand completed an online survey that contained measures of pornography use, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life. Results: Almost all (98.2%) participants reported pornography use with a median use of 5.33 hours per month. Multivariate analyses revealed that increased pornography use was associated with greater dissatisfaction with muscularity, body fat and height; greater eating disorder symptoms; more frequent thoughts about using anabolic steroids; and lower quality of life. Effect sizes for these associations were uniformly small. Neither relationship status nor genital dissatisfaction was associated with pornography use. The association between pornography use and thoughts about using anabolic steroids was stronger for viewers of professional pornography than viewers of amateur pornography. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the use of pornography is weakly associated with body dissatisfaction and related variables and that the type of pornography (amateur vs professional) viewed may be a moderating factor in some cases. Within the limits of a cross-sectional study design, these findings may have implications for clinicians who treat individuals with eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence and related concerns.

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