Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and pain reduction following blood flow restriction: A brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Jun Seob Song ◽  
Robert W. Spitz ◽  
Yujiro Yamada ◽  
Zachary W. Bell ◽  
Vickie Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Exercise Induced

Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Patrick Dressler ◽  
Bruno Fink ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals The effect of blood flow restriction exercise on exercise-induced hypoalgesia and endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid mechanisms of pain modulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Hughes ◽  
Stephen David Patterson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study aimed to investigate and compare the magnitude of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) with low-intensity blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance exercise (RE) at varying pressures to other intensities of resistance exercise and examine endogenous mechanisms of pain reduction. Twelve individuals performed four experimental trials involving unilateral leg press exercise in a randomized crossover design: low-load RE at 30% of one repetition maximum (1RM), high-load RE (70% 1RM), and BFR-RE (30% 1RM) at a low and high pressure. BFR pressure was prescribed relative to limb occlusion pressure at 40% and 80% for the low- and high-pressure trials. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed before and 5 min and 24 h following exercise in exercising and nonexercising muscles. Venous blood samples were collected at the same timepoints to determine plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. High-pressure BFR-RE increased PPTs in the exercising limb to a greater extent than all other trials. Comparable systemic EIH effects were observed with HLRE and both BFR-RE trials. PPTs in the exercising limb remained elevated above baseline at 24 h postexercise following both BFR-RE trials. Postexercise plasma beta-endorphin concentration was elevated during the BFR-RE trials. No changes to 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentration were observed. High pressure BFR-RE causes a greater EIH response in the exercising limb that persists for up to 24 h following exercise. The reduction in pain sensitivity with BFR-RE is partly driven by endogenous opioid production of beta-endorphin. BFR-RE should be investigated as a possible pain-modulation tool in individuals with acute and chronic pain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-pressure blood flow restriction (BFR) causes a greater hypoalgesia response in the exercising limb (48%) compared with light and heavy load resistance exercise (10–34%). Performing light load resistance exercise with BFR causes systemic hypoalgesia comparable with heavy load resistance exercise (10–18%). BFR resistance exercise prolonged the exercise-induced hypoalgesia response for 24 h in the exercising limb (15% and 24%, respectively). Activation of endogenous opioid production and a conditioned pain modulation effect partly mediate the relationship between exercise and hypoalgesia.

scholarly journals Stable recovery during and after 6-week aerobic exercise with limbs blood flow restriction and body cooling in post-concussion syndrome

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S20.2-S20
Author(s):  
Yi-Ning Wu ◽  
Jessica Gravel ◽  
Matthew White ◽  
Josh Avery ◽  
Terrie Enis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Experimental Group

Recent research has shown that exercise can improve post-concussion symptoms. It might be because exercise-induced human growth hormone enhances the brain function and recovery. Exercise under blood flow restriction (BFR) and cooling triggers physiologic responses at a relatively low intensity that might be beneficial to individuals with PCS and requires further investigation. Therefore, our ongoing study is to examine the outcomes of aerobic exercise with (experimental) or without (control) BFR and cooling. Twenty-three participants with PCS less than 1 year were randomly assigned to the control or the experimental groups. Both groups rode the recumbent bike (NuStep) for 30 minutes at 60% of the predicted heart rate while only the experimental group exercised under BFR and cooling (Vasper system) twice a week for 6 weeks followed by 6 weeks of no intervention. In addition to the aerobic exercise, each participant received the standardized physical therapy as part of the 6-week intervention. A post-concussion Symptoms/Signs checklist was filled daily by the participant for 12 weeks. To examine the symptoms fluctuations, the variances of checklist scores for each participant during the intervention period and over the 6 weeks of no intervention were calculated. Mann-Whitney U test showed that variability of the overall symptom severity was significantly less in the experimental group (p = 0.01) during the intervention period, and the overall concussion load remained significantly stable in the experimental group (p = 0.02) after the intervention ended. These preliminary results have demonstrated that aerobic exercise with BFR and cooling enhances the recovery of PCS. Aerobic exercise alleviated the post-concussion symptoms of individuals with PCS less than 1 year. More stable recovery was found in the individuals who exercised at 60% of predicted maximum heart rate under BFR and body cooling as compared to the individuals without body cooling and BFR.

Blood flow restriction attenuates eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage without perceptual and cardiovascular overload

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Curty ◽  
Alexandre B. Melo ◽  
Leonardo C. Caldas ◽  
Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira ◽  
Nuno F. de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Blood Flow Restriction Training in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Angelopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Mylonas ◽  
Grigorios Tsigkas ◽  
Elias Tsepis ◽  
Evdokia Billis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Over the past two decades, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has gained popularity not only in athletic performance training, but also with many researchers and physical therapists as an innovative rehabilitation tool. Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise is a novel exercise modality in clinical settings, which induces muscle hypertrophy and increases strength with low to moderate training intensity through increased anabolic processes mediated by BFR (usually with cuff inflation). BFR limits arterial and venous blood flow and leads to blood pooling, which could increase the effects of exercise-induced training. Strength training at lower intensities (20–40% of maximum strength) in combination with BFR showed similar effects on muscle hypertrophy as training at 70% strength level without BFR. In this context, considering that periods of immobilization (or reduced functionality) due to pathology, injury, or surgery cause harmful effects on muscle mass and strength in both young and old people, muscular adaptations of occlusion exercise could be beneficial to the elderly and post-operative patients in rehabilitation regarding muscle regeneration. Furthermore, as this type of exercise does not require high loads, it might be a feasible method in cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, this chapter aims to review all recent literature regarding the impact of low-load BFR resistance training in patients with cardiovascular pathologies on muscle strength and hypertrophy, vascular function, safety, cardiovascular responses, and inflammatory markers.

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