The Early Pleistocene site of Kermek in western Ciscaucasia (southern Russia): Stratigraphy, biotic record and lithic industry (preliminary results)

2016 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Shchelinsky ◽  
M. Gurova ◽  
A.S. Tesakov ◽  
V.V. Titov ◽  
P.D. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia

scholarly journals Elephant bones for the Middle Pleistocene toolmaker

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256090
Author(s):  
Paola Villa ◽  
Giovanni Boschian ◽  
Luca Pollarolo ◽  
Daniela Saccà ◽  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Taphonomic Analysis

The use of bone as raw material for implements is documented since the Early Pleistocene. Throughout the Early and Middle Pleistocene bone tool shaping was done by percussion flaking, the same technique used for knapping stone artifacts, although bone shaping was rare compared to stone tool flaking. Until recently the generally accepted idea was that early bone technology was essentially immediate and expedient, based on single-stage operations, using available bone fragments of large to medium size animals. Only Upper Paleolithic bone tools would involve several stages of manufacture with clear evidence of primary flaking or breaking of bone to produce the kind of fragments required for different kinds of tools. Our technological and taphonomic analysis of the bone assemblage of Castel di Guido, a Middle Pleistocene site in Italy, now dated by 40Ar/39Ar to about 400 ka, shows that this general idea is inexact. In spite of the fact that the number of bone bifaces at the site had been largely overestimated in previous publications, the number of verified, human-made bone tools is 98. This is the highest number of flaked bone tools made by pre-modern hominids published so far. Moreover the Castel di Guido bone assemblage is characterized by systematic production of standardized blanks (elephant diaphysis fragments) and clear diversity of tool types. Bone smoothers and intermediate pieces prove that some features of Aurignacian technology have roots that go beyond the late Mousterian, back to the Middle Pleistocene. Clearly the Castel di Guido hominids had done the first step in the process of increasing complexity of bone technology. We discuss the reasons why this innovation was not developed. The analysis of the lithic industry is done for comparison with the bone industry.

Evolution of the Lithic Industry in Central Dagestan During the Early Pleistocene: The Rising Occurrence of Flake Blanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
H. A. Amirkhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Lithic Industry

Археологические материалы многослойных раннеплейстоценовых памятников Центрального Дагестана представлены в виде прямой стратиграфической последовательности. Это дает возможность проследить здесь изменения каменной индустрии на протяжении 1,2 млн лет, от примерно 2,0 до 0,8 млн л.н., и выделить значимые рубежи периодизации культуры ранней первобытности Кавказа. В работе рассматриваются заготовки для орудий, обнаруженные в отложениях стоянок айникабско-мухкайской группы: Айникаб-1, Мухкай-1, Мухкай-2, Мухкай-2а. Приводятся статистические данные по представленности заготовок каменных орудий в виде крупных отщепов (>10 см) в слоях как типичного олдована, так и переходной к ашелю стадии. Появление заготовок указанного типа отмечается с начала па-леомагнитного эпизода Харамильо (~ 1,07 млн л.н.). К концу раннего плейстоцена доля таких артефактов составляла 25,77 % от общего количества сколов, которые использовались для изготовления морфологически выраженных орудий. При этом указанный показатель для находок из слоев олдована, датируемых временем ок. 2 млн л.н., никогда не превышал нулевого значения. Все статистические данные в целом подтверждают правомерность выделения в схеме периодизации раннего палеолита изучаемой территории стадии перехода от олдована к ашелю на хронологическом отрезке примерно от 1,0 до 0,8 млн л.н.

New paleomagnetic data from the hominin bearing Dmanisi paleo-anthropologic site (southern Georgia, Caucasus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calvo-Rathert ◽  
A. Goguitchaichvili ◽  
D. Sologashvili ◽  
J.J. Villalaín ◽  
M.F. Bógalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Basaltic Lava ◽  
Basalt Flow ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
Depositional Units ◽  
Southern Georgia

The Dmanisi site has yielded human remains and lithic industry associated with Late Pliocene–early Pleistocene fauna. The site is composed of volcanogenic sediments overlying basaltic lava flows. The lithostratigraphic sequence comprises two basic depositional units: Unit A, overlying the basalt flows, and Unit B on top. A paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic study has been carried out on 106 specimens from Units A and B and the uppermost basalt flow. The lava and Unit A provide normal polarities, while reversed polarities and anomalous directions are observed in Unit B, the latter probably due to overlapping of a secondary and a primary reversed polarity component. The lower part of the section shows a clear correlation with the Olduvai subchron, and the upper levels could be as young as 1.07 Ma. As human remains were found both in units with normal and reversed polarity, different non-contemporaneous human occupations might have been possible.

Evolution of the Lithic Industry in Central Dagestan During the Early Pleistocene: The Rising Occurrence of Flake Blanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
H. A. Amirkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Early Paleolithic

Archaeological data from stratified Early Pleistocene sites in Central Dagestan are arranged in a direct stratigraphic sequence, making it possible to reconstruct the changes in lithic industry over a span of 1.2 mln years, from ~2.0 to 0.8 Ma BP, and to separate the principal stages in the Early Paleolithic culture of the Caucasus. This study examines blanks found at sites of the Ainikab-Mukhkay group, such as Ainikab-1, and Mukhkay-1, -2, and -2a. Occurrences of large flake blanks (>10 cm) at the Oldowan and the Oldowan to Acheulean transitional stage are provided. Such blanks appear at the beginning of the Jaramillo paleomagnetic episode (~1.07 Ma BP). By the end of the Early Pleistocene, their share attains 25.77 % of the total number of blanks for morphologically distinct tools. They are absent in Oldowan deposits (~2 Ma BP). The totality of statistical data justifies the separation of the transitional Oldowan to Acheulean stage in the region, dating to 1.0–0.8 Ma BP.

scholarly journals Two new vertebrate localities from the Early Pleistocene of Mygdonia Basin (Macedonia, Greece): Preliminary results

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Konidaris ◽  
Vangelis Tourloukis ◽  
Dimitris S. Kostopoulos ◽  
Nicholas Thompson ◽  
Domenico Giusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Preliminary Results

scholarly journals The lithic industry of the small shell mounds of southern Brazilian coast, Santa Catarina: preliminary results

2011 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Fabiana Rodrigues Belem
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Shell Mounds ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Small Shell

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados preliminares obtidos com o sítio Lagoa dos Bichos II, situado no litoral sul catarinense. Trata-se de um sambaqui pequeno e não-funerário, com grande quantidade de artefatos líticos sobre sua superfície e periferia. Sua coleção encontra-se atualmente em estudo através do mestrado da própria autora. Procuramos desta forma, contribuir para enriquecer o entendimento do sistema de assentamento dos grupos construtores de sambaquis dessa região

The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

Cyclic Evolution of Sunspots: Gleaning New Results from Old Data

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
S. K. Solanki ◽  
M. Fligge ◽  
P. Pulkkinen ◽  
P. Hoyng
Keyword(s):  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Butterfly Diagram

AbstractThe records of sunspot number, sunspot areas and sunspot locations gathered over the centuries by various observatories are reanalysed with the aim of finding as yet undiscovered connections between the different parameters of the sunspot cycle and the butterfly diagram. Preliminary results of such interrelationships are presented.

Systematic effects in observed parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
R. B. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimates ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Apparent Magnitude ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
General Catalogue ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Right Ascension

Several outstanding problems affecting the existing parallaxes should be resolved to form a coherent system for the new General Catalogue proposed by van Altena, as well as to improve luminosity calibrations and other parallax applications. Lutz has reviewed several of these problems, such as: (A) systematic differences between observatories, (B) external error estimates, (C) the absolute zero point, and (D) systematic observational effects (in right ascension, declination, apparent magnitude, etc.). Here we explore the use of cluster and spectroscopic parallaxes, and the distributions of observed parallaxes, to bring new evidence to bear on these classic problems. Several preliminary results have been obtained.

Quantitative Measurements on the Ion Etching of TMV

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Irwin Bendet ◽  
Nabil Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Preliminary results reported last year on the ion etching of tobacco mosaic virus indicated that the diameter of the virus decreased more rapidly at 10KV than at 5KV, perhaps reaching a constant value before disappearing completely.In order to follow the effects of ion etching on TMV more quantitatively we have designed and built a second apparatus (Fig. 1), which incorporates monitoring devices for measuring ion current and vacuum as well as accelerating voltage. In addition, the beam diameter has been increased to approximately 1 cm., so that ten electron microscope grids can be exposed to the beam simultaneously.

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