New paleomagnetic data from the hominin bearing Dmanisi paleo-anthropologic site (southern Georgia, Caucasus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calvo-Rathert ◽  
A. Goguitchaichvili ◽  
D. Sologashvili ◽  
J.J. Villalaín ◽  
M.F. Bógalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Basaltic Lava ◽  
Basalt Flow ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
Depositional Units ◽  
Southern Georgia

The Dmanisi site has yielded human remains and lithic industry associated with Late Pliocene–early Pleistocene fauna. The site is composed of volcanogenic sediments overlying basaltic lava flows. The lithostratigraphic sequence comprises two basic depositional units: Unit A, overlying the basalt flows, and Unit B on top. A paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic study has been carried out on 106 specimens from Units A and B and the uppermost basalt flow. The lava and Unit A provide normal polarities, while reversed polarities and anomalous directions are observed in Unit B, the latter probably due to overlapping of a secondary and a primary reversed polarity component. The lower part of the section shows a clear correlation with the Olduvai subchron, and the upper levels could be as young as 1.07 Ma. As human remains were found both in units with normal and reversed polarity, different non-contemporaneous human occupations might have been possible.

OCCURRENCE OF NATIVE COPPER, SILVER AND GOLD IN BASALTIC LAVA FLOWS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peishu Li ◽  
◽  
Alan E. Boudreau ◽  
Alan E. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flows ◽  
Basaltic Lava ◽  
Native Copper

The effect of bubbles on the rheology of basaltic lava flows: Insights from large-scale two-phase experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 116504
Author(s):  
A. Soldati ◽  
J.A. Farrell ◽  
C. Sant ◽  
R. Wysocki ◽  
J.A. Karson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Basaltic Lava ◽  
Two Phase

scholarly journals Some physical requirements for the emplacement of long basaltic lava flows

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (B11) ◽  
pp. 27447-27464 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Keszthelyi ◽  
S. Self
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flows ◽  
Basaltic Lava

Do decades of tropical rainfall affect the chemical compositions of basaltic lava flows in Mount Cameroon?

2005 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chauvel ◽  
A.N. Dia ◽  
M. Bulourde ◽  
F. Chabaux ◽  
S. Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flows ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Basaltic Lava ◽  
Tropical Rainfall ◽  
Mount Cameroon

scholarly journals Elephant bones for the Middle Pleistocene toolmaker

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256090
Author(s):  
Paola Villa ◽  
Giovanni Boschian ◽  
Luca Pollarolo ◽  
Daniela Saccà ◽  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Taphonomic Analysis

The use of bone as raw material for implements is documented since the Early Pleistocene. Throughout the Early and Middle Pleistocene bone tool shaping was done by percussion flaking, the same technique used for knapping stone artifacts, although bone shaping was rare compared to stone tool flaking. Until recently the generally accepted idea was that early bone technology was essentially immediate and expedient, based on single-stage operations, using available bone fragments of large to medium size animals. Only Upper Paleolithic bone tools would involve several stages of manufacture with clear evidence of primary flaking or breaking of bone to produce the kind of fragments required for different kinds of tools. Our technological and taphonomic analysis of the bone assemblage of Castel di Guido, a Middle Pleistocene site in Italy, now dated by 40Ar/39Ar to about 400 ka, shows that this general idea is inexact. In spite of the fact that the number of bone bifaces at the site had been largely overestimated in previous publications, the number of verified, human-made bone tools is 98. This is the highest number of flaked bone tools made by pre-modern hominids published so far. Moreover the Castel di Guido bone assemblage is characterized by systematic production of standardized blanks (elephant diaphysis fragments) and clear diversity of tool types. Bone smoothers and intermediate pieces prove that some features of Aurignacian technology have roots that go beyond the late Mousterian, back to the Middle Pleistocene. Clearly the Castel di Guido hominids had done the first step in the process of increasing complexity of bone technology. We discuss the reasons why this innovation was not developed. The analysis of the lithic industry is done for comparison with the bone industry.

scholarly journals Identification of a Kulshan caldera correlative tephra in the Palouse loess of Washington State, northwest USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina E. King ◽  
Nicholas J.G. Pearce ◽  
Helen M. Roberts ◽  
Victoria C. Smith ◽  
John A. Westgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Fractional Crystallisation ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
East Central ◽  
Trace Element Chemistry ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eruptive Volume ◽  
Reversed Polarity

AbstractThe Kulshan caldera formed at ∼1.15 Ma on the present-day site of Mt. Baker, Washington State, northwest USA and erupted a compositionally zoned (dacite-rhyolite) magma and a correlative eruptive, the Lake Tapps tephra. This tephra has previously been described, but only from the Puget Lowland of NW Washington. Here an occurrence of a Kulshan caldera correlative tephra is described from the Quaternary Palouse loess at the Washtucna site (WA-3). Site WA-3 is located in east-central Washington, ∼340 km southeast of the Kulshan caldera and ∼300 km east-southeast of the Lake Tapps occurrence in the Puget Lowland. Major- and trace element chemistry and location of the deposit at Washtucna within reversed polarity sediments indicates that it is not correlative with the Mesa Falls, Rockland, Bishop Ash, Lava Creek B or Huckleberry Ridge tephras. Instead the Washtucna deposit is related to the Lake Tapps tephra by fractional crystallisation, but is chemically distinct, a consequence of its eruption from a compositionally zoned magma chamber. The correlation of the Washtucna occurrence to the Kulshan caldera-forming eruption indicates that it had an eruptive volume exceeding 100 km3, and that its tephra could provide a valuable early-Pleistocene chronostratigraphic marker in the Pacific Northwest.

Evolution of the Lithic Industry in Central Dagestan During the Early Pleistocene: The Rising Occurrence of Flake Blanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
H. A. Amirkhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Lithic Industry

Археологические материалы многослойных раннеплейстоценовых памятников Центрального Дагестана представлены в виде прямой стратиграфической последовательности. Это дает возможность проследить здесь изменения каменной индустрии на протяжении 1,2 млн лет, от примерно 2,0 до 0,8 млн л.н., и выделить значимые рубежи периодизации культуры ранней первобытности Кавказа. В работе рассматриваются заготовки для орудий, обнаруженные в отложениях стоянок айникабско-мухкайской группы: Айникаб-1, Мухкай-1, Мухкай-2, Мухкай-2а. Приводятся статистические данные по представленности заготовок каменных орудий в виде крупных отщепов (>10 см) в слоях как типичного олдована, так и переходной к ашелю стадии. Появление заготовок указанного типа отмечается с начала па-леомагнитного эпизода Харамильо (~ 1,07 млн л.н.). К концу раннего плейстоцена доля таких артефактов составляла 25,77 % от общего количества сколов, которые использовались для изготовления морфологически выраженных орудий. При этом указанный показатель для находок из слоев олдована, датируемых временем ок. 2 млн л.н., никогда не превышал нулевого значения. Все статистические данные в целом подтверждают правомерность выделения в схеме периодизации раннего палеолита изучаемой территории стадии перехода от олдована к ашелю на хронологическом отрезке примерно от 1,0 до 0,8 млн л.н.

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