Tau Knockout and α-Synuclein A53T Synergy Modulated Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons Degeneration Staging in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata of Parkinson’s Disease-Liked Model

The loss of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) was observed in patients with end-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and our previously constructed old-aged Pitx3-A53Tα-Syn × Tau–/– triple transgenic mice model of PD. The aim of this study was to examine the progress of PV+ neurons loss. We demonstrated that, as compared with non-transgenic (nTg) mice, the accumulation of α-synuclein in the SNR of aged Pitx3-A53Tα-Syn × Tau–/– mice was increased obviously, which was accompanied by the considerable degeneration of PV+ neurons and the massive generation of apoptotic NeuN+TUNEL+ co-staining neurons. Interestingly, PV was not costained with TUNEL, a marker of apoptosis. PV+ neurons in the SNR may undergo a transitional stage from decreased expression of PV to increased expression of NeuN and then to TUNEL expression. In addition, the degeneration of PV+ neurons and the expression of NeuN were rarely observed in the SNR of nTg and the other triple transgenic mice. Hence, we propose that Tau knockout and α-syn A53T synergy modulate PV+ neurons degeneration staging in the SNR of aged PD-liked mice model, and NeuN may be suited for an indicator that suggests degeneration of SNR PV+ neurons. However, the molecular mechanism needs to be further investigated.

THE INEVITABILITY OF THE UNITY OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND METAPHYSICS AT THE TRANSITIONAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS

The article shows that at the present time in physics the conditions are ripe for a decisive revision of the prevailing ideas about physical reality. To solve this problem, metaphysical principles must be considered. Their manifestations in modern physics are shown in the presence of three paradigms. It has been demonstrated that this is most fully implemented within the framework of the relational paradigm, which has long been in the shadows. The results already obtained within its framework are shown and it is noted that the development of this direction most closely corresponds to materialist philosophy.

Digital restoration of the pectoral girdles of two Early Cretaceous birds, and implications for early flight evolution

Pectoral girdle morphology is a key determinant of flight capability, but in some respects is poorly known among stem birds. Here, we reconstruct the pectoral girdles of the Early Cretaceous birds Sapeornis and Piscivorenantiornis based on computed tomography and three-dimensional visualization, revealing key morphological details. Enantiornithines such as Piscivorenantiornis have a uniquely localized scapula-coracoid joint, with only one area of articulation. This single articulation contrasts with the double articulation widely present in non-enantiornithine pennaraptoran theropods, including Sapeornis and crown birds, which comprises main and subsidiary articular contacts. A partially closed triosseal canal occurs in non-euornithine birds, representing a transitional stage in flight apparatus evolution. Numerous modifications of the pectoral girdle along the line to crown birds, and lineage-specific pectoral girdle variations, produced diverse pectoral girdle morphologies among Mesozoic birds, which ensured that a commensurate range of capability levels and modes emerged during the early evolution of flight.

Using knowledge translation to establish a model of hospital-based early supported community reintegration for stroke patients in South Korea

Background In 2019, the South Korean government started designating rehabilitation medical institutions to facilitate the early return of patients with stroke (PWS) to their communities after discharge. However, a detailed operating model has not yet been suggested. We aimed to develop a hospital-based early supported community reintegration model for PWS that is suitable for South Korea based on knowledge translation in cooperation with clinical experts and PWS. Methods Clinical experts (n = 13) and PWS (n = 20) collaboratively participated in the process of developing the early supported community reintegration model at a national hospital in South Korea, using the following phases of the knowledge-to-action cycle: (1) identifying knowledge, (2) adapting the knowledge to the local situation, (3) assessing barriers and facilitators to local use of knowledge, and (4) tailoring and developing the program. Barriers and facilitators to local use of knowledge were assessed multidimensionally at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community level based on the social-ecological model. Literature reviews, workshops, individual and group interviews, and group meetings using nominal group technique were conducted in each phase of the knowledge-to-action cycle. Results Each phase of the knowledge-to-action cycle for developing the early supported community reintegration model and a newly developed model including the following components were reported: (1) revision of strategies of organizations related to community reintegration support, (2) establishment of a multidepartmental and multidisciplinary community reintegration support system, (3) standardization of patient-centered multidisciplinary goal setting, (4) multidimensional classification of community reintegration support areas, and (5) development of guidelines for a tailored community reintegration support program. Conclusions We designed a hospital-based multidimensional and multidisciplinary early supported community reintegration model that comprehensively included several elements of community rehabilitation in connection with hospitals and communities, taking into account the South Korean situation of lacking community rehabilitation infrastructure. In developing a guideline for a tailored community reintegration support program, we attempted to take into consideration various situations faced by PWS in South Korea, which is in a transitional stage for community rehabilitation. It is expected that this early supported community reintegration model can be referenced in other countries that are in a transitional stage of community rehabilitation.

Selection of strategic priorities of development of regional spatial and sectoral structure

The article generalizes methodological approaches to creating a mechanism for selecting strategic priorities of development of regional spatial and sectoral structure. The author studies the tendencies of choosing priorities of development in accordance with the basic principles of sustainable development, “consensuses” of various types, “inclusive economics”, “stakeholder economics”, “donut economics”, “sharing economics”. The conclusion is that methodological approaches under consideration are a kind of reflection of sustainable development principles. They serve as a transitional stage to noospheric approach that reflects balancing of “interests of a human”, “interests of the nature” and “interests of technology”. The author applies to this conception to suggest a mechanism for selecting strategic priorities of development of regional spatial and sectoral structure. Such a mechanism for selecting strategic priorities of development is supposed to be a “bridge” for the transition to “noonomics” as a new stage of development.

Single Stage Autonomous Solar Water Pumping System Using PI and Fuzzy Controllers

Sustainable powerage and viable use of accessible energy assets have arisen as an commendable panacea for expanding carbon impression, draining petroleum derivatives, expanding a dangerous atmospheric deviation and changing meteorological situations. Flawless nature, silent activity and bountiful accessibility even at distant areas, have made the sunlight based energy finest form of RE accessible in the current situation .The work presents a introverted stage independent sun oriented photovoltaic exhibit take care of water siphoning framework utilizing a long-lasting magnet simultaneous engine. The crucial commitment of this work incorporates advancement of novel altered vector control, which improves the force reaction of the framework and improvement of a novel single stage variable advance size gradual conductance strategy, which gives a quick greatest force point following and dispenses with the need of transitional stage DC-DC converter. A corresponding indispensable control diminishes the mistake among reference and real value. The utilization of single stage geography has killed middle stage DC-DC converter and diminished the quantity of components, consequently bringing about decrease of the expense, intricacy and increment efficiency .The expansion of this activities rather than PI regulators that we need to Fuzzy and PI regulators .Utilizing this controllers step reaction of speed increases, Dc-connect voltage increases and force speed proportion is all the more then, at that point power stream will be improved. The framework execution has been examined through Matlab /simulink recreation investigation

The Civilizing Force of National Competition

This chapter explores mid-to-late nineteenth-century U.S. nationalism in its global context. We focus on what we call scarcity nationalism: A type of nationalism which introduces notions of scarcity to imagine competition between nations. We use this concept to analyze two discourses, on protectionism and navalism, showing how in both cases measures to protect U.S. interests in inter-national competition - through tariffs or battleships - were introduced as a means of contributing to human progress in the long run. By imagining competition between nations as a transitional stage of human development, scarcity nationalism aimed (and still aims) at justifying national competition while relating it to a universalist and progressive framework.

Heart Failure With Mid-range Ejection Fraction: A Distinctive Subtype or a Transitional Stage?

Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) was first proposed by Lam and Solomon in 2014, and was listed as a new subtype of heart failure (HF) in 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Since then, HFmrEF has attracted an increasing amount of attention, and the number of related studies on this topic has grown rapidly. The diagnostic criteria on the basis of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are straightforward; however, LVEF is not a static parameter, and it changes dynamically during the course of HF. Thus, HFmrEF may not be an independent disease with a uniform pathophysiological process, but rather a collection of patients with different characteristics. HFmrEF is often associated with various cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the pathophysiological mechanisms of HFmrEF are particularly complex, and its clinical phenotypes are diverse. The complexity and heterogeneity of HFmrEF may be one reason for inconsistent results between clinical studies. In fact, whether HFmrEF is a distinctive subtype or a transitional stage between HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is controversial. In this review, we discuss the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of patients with HFmrEF, as well as the differences among HFmrEF, HFrEF, and HFpEF.

Evolution of the Lithic Industry in Central Dagestan During the Early Pleistocene: The Rising Occurrence of Flake Blanks

Archaeological data from stratified Early Pleistocene sites in Central Dagestan are arranged in a direct stratigraphic sequence, making it possible to reconstruct the changes in lithic industry over a span of 1.2 mln years, from ~2.0 to 0.8 Ma BP, and to separate the principal stages in the Early Paleolithic culture of the Caucasus. This study examines blanks found at sites of the Ainikab-Mukhkay group, such as Ainikab-1, and Mukhkay-1, -2, and -2a. Occurrences of large flake blanks (>10 cm) at the Oldowan and the Oldowan to Acheulean transitional stage are provided. Such blanks appear at the beginning of the Jaramillo paleomagnetic episode (~1.07 Ma BP). By the end of the Early Pleistocene, their share attains 25.77 % of the total number of blanks for morphologically distinct tools. They are absent in Oldowan deposits (~2 Ma BP). The totality of statistical data justifies the separation of the transitional Oldowan to Acheulean stage in the region, dating to 1.0–0.8 Ma BP.

To Be or Not To Be A Citizen: Young People Talks about Everyday Experiences of Citizenship in Malaysia

Citizenship is generally understood as an adult experience. Being young is seen as a transitional stage between 'childhood' and 'adulthood ' where young people either learn about becoming adults or where they pass through certain 'rites of passage'. This paper draws on some of the findings from a larger project on citizenship and citizenship education experiences among student teachers in multi-ethnic Malaysia. This article attempts to explore the citizenship experiences through the student teachers participation during the community service placement and their understanding of good citizens in multi-ethnic culture. It also intends to explore the young generations’ point of view as being citizens of Malaysia, such as their rights and duties, how they perceived good and bad citizenship and how they understand the language of citizenship. In the spirit of ethnographic design, twenty eight multi-ethnic student teachers (year 2 and year 4) who enrolled into citizenship and citizenship education course in Sultan Idris Education University (SIEU) had been interviewed and observed at university and on placement. The data was analysed using a thematic analysis.The findings revealed that student teachers ‘lived citizenship’ marked comprehensive yet complex elements of citizenship. They have clear understandings of citizenship in ‘Malaysian way’ that pointed more towards communitarian than liberal or civic-republican citizenship paradigms. They drew clear distinctions between what it means to be a ‘good’ and a ‘bad ‘citizen’. They also underlined how everyday understandings of citizenship can have both inclusionary and exclusionary implications. Further study need to be done as some of student teachers faced difficulty articulating their rights than their responsibilities.