Effect of growth regulators and microfertilizers on yield of Echinacea purpurea L. depending on weather conditions

In the Western Ciscaucasia, frequent droughts lead to a decrease in the yield of Echinacea purpurea L., which is a base for immunostimulating preparations. It is possible to mitigate the effect of sharp fluctuations in weather conditions by using growth regulators and microfertilizers, the exogenous application of which allows mobilizing the potential capabilities of the plant organism aimed at increasing its bioproductivity. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of foliar application the growth regulator Zircon and silicon-containing microfertilizer Siliplant on the yield of Echinacea biomass depending on the weather conditions. The weather conditions during the research years differed. Thus, in 2011– 2014, the average daily air temperatures and the amount of precipitation from May to July were almost at the level of the average annual values. And starting from 2015 there has been a significant increase in temperatures and a decrease in moisture availability. Foliar treatment of Echinacea purpurea with Zircon and Siliplant under drought ensured an increase in the biomass yield by 15–20% compared to the control, under stable weather conditions – by 11–18%. Their combined application increased the yield of the green weight by 24–31%, under stable weather conditions – by 18–24%. The high efficiency of the preparations was manifested in the growth of the root system under drought conditions, where the increase in yield was 40–43% at their combined application. The content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the raw material increased by 4–6% regardless of weather conditions and by 9– 10% in the variant Siliplant + Zircon application. Losses of biomass yield under hydrothermal stress amounted to 1–10%, of roots – 4–5%, while in the control the values were 15–25 and 18%, respectively. The biggest preservation of the yield was noted in the Siliplant + Zircon variant, where there was even a small increase in biomass yield – by 4–9%, in roots – by 4%.

Comparative assessment of tank mixtures of the modern herbicides in cultivation of oil flax on leached black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia

Potential yield of the modern oil flax varieties is up to 2.5–3.0 t/ha, but in fact, in 2020, its average yield was equal to 0.81 t/ha in the Russian Federation and 0.86 t/ha тin the Southern federal district. One of the reasons of such low productivity of the crop is non-effective protection of sowings against weeds. We studied impact of tank mixtures of herbicides Tifi, WDG (0.025 kg/ha) + Miura, CE (1.2 l/hа); Magnum, WDG (0.01 kg/hа) + Miura, CE (1.2 l/hа); Sekator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/hа) + Miura, CE (1.2 l/hа) and Sekator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/hа) + Quickstep, OCE (0.8 l/hа) on oil flax productivity (the variety FLIZ bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops). The researches were conducted in a zone of unstable moistening on leach black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia in 2017–2020. Recommended doses of tank mixtures of the herbicides were applied in a phase of 5-6 pairs of leaves development of oil flax plants. In spite of the good water availability in years of the research, high air temperatures during flowering – seeds formation negatively influenced the crop productivity. Due to our results, on average for four years, treatment of oil flax plants with a tank mixture of the herbicides Sekator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/hа) + Quickstep, OCE (0.8 l/hа) allowed obtaining the highest yield – 1.17 t/hа, oil content in seeds – 45.5% and oil yield – 0.47 t/hа; there was fixed the high clear profit – 13,861 RUR/hа at profitability of 51%.

THE IMPACT OF SOWING DATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRID TYPHOON ON LEACHED CHERNOZEM OF THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA

While studying the impact of the sowing dates on the productivity of sunflower hybrid Typhoon on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia, we established that under the conditions of 2020, the highest productivity, oil content and oil yield were observed in case of sowing in the last ten days of April – 3.63 t/ha, 54 %, and 1.77 t/ha, and in the first ten days of May – 3.47 t/ha, 50.8 %, and 1.59 t/ha, respectively.

SOWING METHOD AND HERBICIDE APPLICATION ON SOYBEAN

We presented a short review of literary sources concerning researches on sowing methods and soybean crops protection of weeds. A problem of perfection of some methods of soybean cultivation technology has still been actual. So, it is reasonable to study improved schemes of soybean protection of weeds, weeds impact on growing, development and productivity of the crop at the different sowing methods on leached black soil in the Western Ciscaucasia.

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SUNFLOWER HYBRID ARNEB DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING RATE

We carried out the research in 2020 under conditions of unstable moistening on ordinary chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia (Korenovsky district, the Krasnodar region) to study the effect of different seeding rates (providing plant density of 40, 60, and 80 thousand pcs/ha) on the productivity of a new mid-ripening hybrid of sunflower Arneb of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We established that an increase in the seeding rate of seeds from 40 to 60 and 80 thousand pieces/ha led to a decrease in productivity – from 2.77 to 2.76 and 2.66 t/ha and oil yield – from 1.12 to 1.10 and 1.07 t/ha, respectively.