Temperature and precipitation in the southern Central Andes during the last glacial maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, and the Younger Dryas

2020 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 106592
Author(s):  
Jürgen Mey ◽  
Mitch K. D’Arcy ◽  
Taylor F. Schildgen ◽  
David L. Egholm ◽  
Hella Wittmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Timing of glacier advances and climate in the High Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) during the Last Glacial Maximum

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Makos ◽  
Jan Dzierżek ◽  
Jerzy Nitychoruk ◽  
Marek Zreda
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
High Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractDuring the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), long valley glaciers developed on the northern and southern sides of the High Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia. Chlorine-36 exposure dating of moraine boulders suggests two major phases of moraine stabilization, at 26–21 ka (LGM I — maximum) and at 18 ka (LGM II). The dates suggest a significantly earlier maximum advance on the southern side of the range. Reconstructing the geometry of four glaciers in the Sucha Woda, Pańszczyca, Mlynicka and Velicka valleys allowed determining their equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) at 1460, 1460, 1650 and 1700 m asl, respectively. Based on a positive degree-day model, the mass balance and climatic parameter anomaly (temperature and precipitation) has been constrained for LGM I advance. Modeling results indicate slightly different conditions between northern and southern slopes. The N–S ELA gradient finds confirmation in slightly higher temperature (at least 1 °C) or lower precipitation (15%) on the south-facing glaciers during LGM I. The precipitation distribution over the High Tatra Mountains indicates potentially different LGM atmospheric circulation than at the present day, with reduced northwesterly inflow and increased southerly and westerly inflows of moist air masses.

Environmental and climate change in the southern Central Pyrenees since the Last Glacial Maximum: A view from the lake records

CATENA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 668-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penélope González-Sampériz ◽  
Josu Aranbarri ◽  
Ana Pérez-Sanz ◽  
Graciela Gil-Romera ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Central Pyrenees ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Steffen Therre ◽  
Jens Fohlmeister ◽  
Dominik Fleitmann ◽  
Albert Matter ◽  
Stephen J. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Soil Carbon Cycling ◽  
Socotra Island ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. In this study, the dead carbon fraction (DCF) variations in stalagmite M1-5 from Socotra Island in the western Arabian Sea were investigated through a new set of high-precision U-series and radiocarbon (14C) dates. The data reveal an extreme case of very high and also climate-dependent DCF. For M1-5, an average DCF of 56.2±3.4 % is observed between 27 and 18 kyr BP. Such high DCF values indicate a high influence of aged soil organic matter (SOM) and nearly completely closed-system carbonate dissolution conditions. Towards the end of the last glacial period, decreasing Mg∕Ca ratios suggest an increase in precipitation which caused a marked change in the soil carbon cycling as indicated by sharply decreasing DCF. This is in contrast to the relation of soil infiltration and DCF as seen in stalagmites from temperate zones. For Socotra Island, which is influenced by the East African–Indian monsoon, we propose that more humid conditions and enhanced net infiltration after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) led to dense vegetation and thus lowered the DCF by increasing 14CO2 input into the soil zone. At the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) a sudden change in DCF towards much higher, and extremely variable, values is observed. Our study highlights the dramatic variability of soil carbon cycling processes and vegetation feedback on Socotra Island manifested in stalagmite DCF on both long-term trends and sub-centennial timescales, thus providing evidence for climate influence on stalagmite radiocarbon. This is of particular relevance for speleothem studies that aim to reconstruct past atmospheric 14C (e.g., for the purposes of 14C calibration), as these would rely on largely climate-independent soil carbon cycling above the cave.

Reconstructions of the past distribution of Testudo graeca mitochondrial lineages in the Middle East and Transcaucasia support multiple refugia since the Last Glacial Maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Oguz Turkozan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Multiple Refugia ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

A cycle of glacial and interglacial periods in the Quaternary caused species’ ranges to expand and contract in response to climatic and environmental changes. During interglacial periods, many species expanded their distribution ranges from refugia into higher elevations and latitudes. In the present work, we projected the responses of the five lineages of Testudo graeca in the Middle East and Transcaucasia as the climate shifted from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, Mid – Holocene), to the present. Under the past LGM and Mid-Holocene bioclimatic conditions, models predicted relatively more suitable habitats for some of the lineages. The most significant bioclimatic variables in predicting the present and past potential distribution of clades are the precipitation of the warmest quarter for T. g. armeniaca (95.8 %), precipitation seasonality for T. g. buxtoni (85.0 %), minimum temperature of the coldest month for T. g. ibera (75.4 %), precipitation of the coldest quarter for T. g. terrestris (34.1 %), and the mean temperature of the driest quarter for T. g. zarudyni (88.8 %). Since the LGM, we hypothesise that the ranges of lineages have either expanded (T. g. ibera), contracted (T. g. zarudnyi) or remained stable (T. g. terrestris), and for other two taxa (T. g. armeniaca and T. g. buxtoni) the pattern remains unclear. Our analysis predicts multiple refugia for Testudo during the LGM and supports previous hypotheses about high lineage richness in Anatolia resulting from secondary contact.

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