ABSTRACT Understanding the reproductive profile of a population is required for making and implementing various health policies. A plethora of studies on the behaviour of fertility and mortality across the globe have been reported. Very few studies have been reported from the population of Arunachal Pradesh, one of the states in northeast India. The present study aims to examine the reproductive profile of a small tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, namely, Miju Mishmi, inhabiting the Indo-Myanmar-China border area. Two hundred and ten households were surveyed to collect the information regarding fertility, mortality, and associated factors using a pretested schedule. Miju Mishmi is experiencing considerably high fertility and mortality. Many social and biological factors for fertility and mortality prevailing in this population were identified. The existence of reproductive compensation is also found in this population. However, unlike in many Indian societies, Miju Mishmi has no preference for a son and hence no impact on fertility.