Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi potentially regulate N2O emissions from agricultural soils via altered expression of denitrification genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
pp. 145133
Author(s):  
Heng Gui ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Zhenghong Wang ◽  
Lingling Shi ◽  
Kai Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Denitrification Genes

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve root function and nutrient-use efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 493-530
Author(s):  
Tom Thirkell ◽  
◽  
Grace Hoysted ◽  
Ashleigh Elliott ◽  
Katie Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Demands ◽  
The Many

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form endosymbiosis with over 70 % of land plants, including most crops including cereals. These symbioses facilitate resource exchange between partners and can significantly increase plant nutrient uptake and growth, among other benefits. AMF ubiquity in agricultural soils, in addition to the many roles they are known to play in soil health, demands we consider them when discussing crop function. We discuss how AMF are capable of increasing crop acquisition of macro- and micronutrients. We examine further impacts that AMF have on root system architecture, and how this relates to nutrient acquisition. We highlight reasons why potential benefits of the symbiosis are often not realised and how this influences current perspectives on the utility of AMF. We also discuss aspects of modern agronomy practice which are deleterious to mycorrhizal functioning. Strategies are suggested by which mycorrhizas might be exploited in future highlighting future research priorities.

Influence of fertiliser application on the occurrence and colonisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under maize/Centrosema and sole maize systems

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Bukola Emmanuel ◽  
Olajire Fagbola ◽  
Oluwole Osonubi
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Soil fertility management practices can influence colonisation of crops by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their abundance. The effects of different rates of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertiliser on AMF occurrence and colonisation were studied in maize/Centrosema pascuorum and sole maize systems. The NPK treatments were at rates (kg/ha): 0-10-30, 45-10-30, and 0-0-0 (control). The AMF spore populations were enumerated by direct counting under a microscope. Nutrient uptake was calculated as the product of nutrient concentration and shoot dry weight, and maize yield was estimated per ha. In the maize/Centrosema system, spore count, AMF colonisation, and nutrient uptake (except N) decreased with NPK 45-10-30 compared with 0-10-30, although maize yields were comparable at the two fertiliser levels. In the sole maize system, fertiliser application did not influence AMF spore abundance, but colonisation, nutrient uptake, and crop yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) with NPK 45-10-30. Maize yield increased by 1200% under the maize/Centrosema system compared with sole maize at NPK 0-10-30. The lowest values for all parameters were obtained under the control treatments. Colonisation of AMF, nutrient uptake, and maize yield were positively correlated. The maize/Centrosema system can maximise AMF benefits to increase yield and also reduce fertiliser input into agricultural soils, while application of N fertiliser is important to increase yield in the sole maize system.

scholarly journals Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae in agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania.II. Distribution of arbuscular fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Anna Iwaniuk ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
North Western

This part of the two-part paper of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota of agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania, north-western Poland, presents the distribution of 26 species of these fungi in both the sites considered in this study and cultivated soils of other regions of Poland and the world investigated previously. The fungi were isolated from both field-collected rhizosphere soil and root mixtures and trap cultures established from each field sample and seeded with three species of plant hosts. Among the fungal species characterized, 18 are of the genus <i>Glomus</i>, one each of the genera <i>Archaeospora, Entrophospora</i> and <i>Paraglomus</i> and three and two of the genera <i>Acaulospora</i> and <i>Scutellospora</i>, respectively.

Diversity and biogeography of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
Endre Laczko ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Oberholzer ◽  
Jan Jansa ◽  
Simon Egli
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Propagation and storage of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from Saskatchewan agricultural soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1328-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan C. Talukdar ◽  
James J. Germida
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Factors affecting the propagation of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) Glomus clarum, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus versiforme isolated from Saskatchewan soils were assessed in growth-chamber studies. Initially, lentil (Lens esculenta L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Hitch.) hybrid were inoculated with G. clarum and grown in 2 or 6 kg of soil–sand (1:1) substrate until maturity. All three crops supported growth and spore production by G. clarum, but the maize plant yielded the largest number of spores. The ability of G. clarum to produce large numbers of spores reflects either an inherent ability of this VAMF strain to sporulate or a favorable interaction (related to spore production) with a maize host crop. Twice as many G. clarum spores per gram of soil–sand substrate were obtained from 2-kg pots compared with 6-kg pots. Enhanced spore production in the smaller pots was related to poor plant growth and, apparently, nutrient stress. Plants grown in 2-kg pots were stunted, yielded less biomass, and exhibited severe symptoms of P and N deficiency. Monospecific cultures of G. clarum, G mosseae, and G. versiforme were produced using maize plants grown in 2-kg pots. Under these conditions the level of spore production was G. clarum > G. versiforme > G. mosseae. Storage of the VAMF inoculants at 7 °C, compared with 25 °C, enhanced spore viability. This was evident from a reduction in VAMF colonization and spore production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the sorghum–sudangrass hybrid plants inoculated with G. mosseae spores stored at 25 °C. Osmotic stress exerted on G. mosseae spores during density-gradient centrifugation had no effect on their viability. Key words: vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus spp., host crops, substrate mass, nutrient stress.

scholarly journals Establishment and effectiveness of inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Köhl ◽  
Catherine E. Lukasiewicz ◽  
Marcel G. A. van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
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