New insights on introducing modern multifunctional additives into motor gasoline

Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Ershov ◽  
Vsevolod D. Savelenko ◽  
Ulyana A. Makhova ◽  
Vladimir M. Kapustin ◽  
Dmitriy A. Potanin ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Burak Ulusoy ◽  
Bozidar Anicic ◽  
Liyan Zhao ◽  
Weigang Lin ◽  
Bona Lu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 5703-5724
Author(s):  
Ananth Manickam Wash ◽  
Thanikasalam Kumar ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Zulkifli Abdul Majid ◽  
Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Ghafir

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Heideman ◽  
Rabin N. Datta ◽  
Jacques W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
Ben van Baarle

Abstract This review provides relevant background information about the vulcanization process, as well as the chemistry of thiuram- and sulfenamide-accelerated sulfur vulcanization with emphasis on the role of activators, to lay a base for further research. It commences with an introduction of sulfur vulcanization and a summary of the reaction mechanisms as described in literature, followed by the role of activators, particularly ZnO. The various possibilities to reduce ZnO levels in rubber compounding, that have been proposed in literature, are reviewed. A totally different approach to reduce ZnO is described in the paragraphs about the various possible roles of multifunctional additives (MFA) in rubber vulcanization. Another paragraph is dedicated to the role of amines in rubber vulcanization, in order to provide some insight in the underlying chemical mechanisms of MFA systems. Furthermore, an overview of Model Compound Vulcanization (MCV) with respect to different models and activator/accelerator systems is given. In the last part of this review, the various functions of ZnO in rubber are summarized. It clearly reveals that the role of ZnO and zinc compounds is very complex and still deserves further clarification.


1914 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
John Winkler
Keyword(s):  

1956 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Gilpin ◽  
F. W. H. Matthews

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3828-3833
Author(s):  
Anar Amil Namazov ◽  
Vagif Maharram Abbasov ◽  
Tarana Aslan Mammadova ◽  
Khayyam Rahim Valiyev ◽  
Khayala Hamlet Kasamanli

In this research, the influence of amino- and hydroxyethyl imidazolines of petroleum acids on the antistatic property and lubricity of diesel fuel has been studied. The researches illustrated that when the boiling point of petroleum acid fractions increases, the influence of imidazolines on the antistatic property and lubricity of diesel fuel decreases. Besides, it has been known that, the influence of aminoethyl imidazolines of petroleum acids on the antistatic property and lubricity of diesel fuel is better than the influence of hydroxyethyl imidazolines, On the other hand, it has been revealed that, when imidazolines of petroleum acids are added to the diesel fuel, the antistatic effect increases over time.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy S ◽  
IGB Dipa Maha Putra ◽  
Arif Mulyanto

 Biogas is one of the alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, inexpensive, easily available, renewable, and can be used as a substitute for gasoline for motor gasoline. For the use of biogas in the motor gasoline is necessary to improve the quality of biogas that is more optimal use of biogas when used as fuel.This study aims to determine the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) during the purification of biogas by using absorber Ca (OH)2 to the elevated levels of CH4 in biogas and its effect when testing the performance of the motor fuel, which indicate the performance of the motor fuel is the torque, power and effective specific Fuel Consumption effective. In this study, the biogas will be purified by varying the flow rate is var I (5 liters / min), var II (10 ltr / min) and var III (15 ltr / min), and biogas purification degan best quality results will be compared with biogas before purification by way of testing the motor performance in round 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm,3500rpm and 4500 rpm.The result showed that the purification of biogas menggunan Ca (OH)2 at a rate var II (10 ltr / min) produced the best biogas CH4 content of 91.0%, better than the variations I and III variations, and the results of performance testing of the motor fuel showed improvement menghasillkan better quality. Judging from rotation 4500 rpm for prior purification 5.9399 Nm torque, power and SFCe effective 2797.7079 W 0.000164 (kg / jam.W), whereas after purification 6.5821 Nm torque, effective power 3100.1628 W and SFCe 0.000113 (kg / jam.W)


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj K. Singh ◽  
Aruna Kukrety ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Ajay Chouhan ◽  
Rakesh C. Saxena ◽  
...  

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