Muscle recruitment patterns and saddle pressures indexes with alterations in effective seat tube angle

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of trunk and lower limb motion on electromyography (EMG) muscle activity and recruitment patterns around the shoulder.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, PEDro, AMED, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews, SportsDiscuss and PROSPERO.Eligibility criteriaStudies investigating both multiregional kinetic chain (KC) shoulder exercises and localised non-kinetic chain (nKC) shoulder exercises in healthy subjects under the same experimental conditions were included in this review.ResultsKC exercises produced greater EMG activation levels in 5 of 11 studies for the lower trapezius. Of the remaining studies, five found no difference between the exercise types and one favoured nKC exercises. KC exercises produced greater EMG activation levels in 5 of 11 studies for the serratus anterior. Of the remaining studies, three reported the opposite and three found no significant difference between the exercise types. nKC exercises produced greater EMG activation in infraspinatus in three of four studies. KC exercises produced the lowest trapezius muscle ratios in all studies. Studies investigating the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, supraspinatus, subscapularis, biceps brachii, latifissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, deltoid, and trapezius and serratus anterior ratios showed inconsistency.ConclusionThis review found evidence that integrating the KC during shoulder rehabilitation may increase axioscapular muscle recruitment, produce lower trapezius muscle ratios and reduce the demands on the rotator cuff. Stepping appears preferable to squatting.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015032557, 2015.

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Trunk Muscle Recruitment Patterns in Patients With Low Back Pain Enhance the Stability of the Lumbar Spine

Spine ◽

10.1097/01.brs.0000058939.51147.55 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 834-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 219

Author(s):

Jaap H. van Dieën ◽

Jacek Cholewicki ◽

Andrea Radebold

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Trunk Muscle ◽

Low Back ◽

Muscle Recruitment ◽

Recruitment Patterns ◽

The Stability

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Changes in muscle coordination with training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00544.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 1506-1513 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Richard G. Carson

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Muscle Synergies ◽

Muscle Coordination ◽

Muscle Recruitment ◽

Core Concepts ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Recruitment Patterns ◽

The Stability ◽

Motor Actions ◽

Activity Dependent

Three core concepts, activity-dependent coupling, the composition of muscle synergies, and Hebbian adaptation, are discussed with a view to illustrating the nature of the constraints imposed by the organization of the central nervous system on the changes in muscle coordination induced by training. It is argued that training invoked variations in the efficiency with which motor actions can be generated influence the stability of coordination by altering the potential for activity-dependent coupling between the cortical representations of the focal muscles recruited in a movement task and brain circuits that do not contribute directly to the required behavior. The behaviors that can be generated during training are also constrained by the composition of existing intrinsic muscle synergies. In circumstances in which attempts to produce forceful or high velocity movements would otherwise result in the generation of inappropriate actions, training designed to promote the development of control strategies specific to the desired movement outcome may be necessary to compensate for protogenic muscle recruitment patterns. Hebbian adaptation refers to processes whereby, for neurons that release action potentials at the same time, there is an increased probability that synaptic connections will be formed. Neural connectivity induced by the repetition of specific muscle recruitment patterns during training may, however, inhibit the subsequent acquisition of new skills. Consideration is given to the possibility that, in the presence of the appropriate sensory guidance, it is possible to gate Hebbian plasticity and to promote greater subsequent flexibility in the recruitment of the trained muscles in other task contexts.

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