Modern ideas of security problems are being described which are being associated with the implementation of manned flights into "deep space". The analysis of approaches to the development of criteria for the successful completion of space missions, to assess the risks of exposure to adverse factors of the space environment. The classification of risks to the health and life of astronauts in long space missions is carried out, the rationale for the conclusion about the prospects of the widespread use of robotics with elements of artificial intelligence in the tasks of deep space exploration is given.