Revisiting the clinical anatomy of the alar ligaments. Osmotherly PG, Rivett DA, Mercer SR. Eur Spine J. 2013 Jan;22(1):60-4. doi: 10.1007/s00586-012-2496-4. Epub 2012 Sep 12

Objective: In ‘Curriculum' 2002 short answer questions are newly introduced. The content of 1st professional written examination was given but the weightage of different subdivision of Anatomy is not mentioned. So, present study was done to see the content validity of different subdivisions of Anatomy in written examinations. Study design: Descriptive type of study Place and period of study: The study was carried out from January 2003 to July 2004 in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Skeikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Methods: It was based on a quantitative method; the question paper analysis based study. Results: It is evident from the questions paper analysis that different subdivisions of Anatomy are usually not given proper weight in the Anatomy written examinations. There are some subdivisions of Anatomy which are usually covered less than required. These include Genetics, Histology, General Anatomy, General Developmental Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy, etc. Conclusion: for further improvement of assessment system of Anatomy, content validity is needed to be established. Key words: Content validity, Anatomy, undergraduate, written examinations doi: 10.3329/bja.v7i1.3011 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2009, Vol. 7 No. 1 pp. 14-18

Download Full-text

Parotid tumours

InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice ◽

10.1177/17557380211016023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175573802110160

Author(s):

Edward Balai ◽

Navdeep Bhamra ◽

Karan Jolly

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Head And Neck Neoplasms ◽

Secondary Care ◽

Care Management ◽

Clinical Anatomy ◽

Salivary Gland Tumours ◽

The Common ◽

Parotid Tumours ◽

Key Aspects

Salivary gland tumours are uncommon and account for just 6% of all head and neck neoplasms. Worldwide incidence varies, from 0.4 to 13.5 cases per 100 000 population. The parotid gland is by far the most commonly affected site, accounting for 80% of cases. The vast majority of these tumours are benign; only approximately 20–25% being malignant. This article considers the relevant clinical anatomy of the parotid gland, key aspects of assessment with history and examination, and when to refer to secondary care for further investigation. It will touch on the common benign and malignant parotid neoplasms and give an overview of secondary care management.

Download Full-text

Clinical Anatomy of Submental Intubation

Annals of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1097/sap.0000000000001948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 232-237

Author(s):

DeAsia D. Jacob ◽

Fatma B. Tuncer ◽

David L. Kashan ◽

Raffi Gurunluoglu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Anatomy ◽

Submental Intubation

Download Full-text

Avascular Spaces of the Female Pelvis—Clinical Applications in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1460

Author(s):

Stoyan Kostov ◽

Stanislav Slavchev ◽

Deyan Dzhenkov ◽

Dimitar Mitev ◽

Angel Yordanov

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Surgery ◽

Gynecologic Surgery ◽

Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽

Nerve Sparing ◽

Clinical Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Female Pelvis ◽

Precise Understanding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gynecological Diseases

The term “spaces” refers to the areas delimited by at least two independent fasciae and filled with areolar connective tissue. However, there is discrepancy regarding the spaces and their limits between clinical anatomy and gynecologic surgery, as not every avascular space described in literature is delimited by at least two fasciae. Moreover, new spaces and surgical planes have been developed after the adoption of laparoscopy and nerve-sparing gynecological procedures. Avascular spaces are useful anatomical landmarks in retroperitoneal anatomic and pelvic surgery for both malignant and benign conditions. A noteworthy fact is that for various gynecological diseases, there are different approaches to the avascular spaces of the female pelvis. This is a significant difference, which is best demonstrated by dissection of these spaces for gynecological, urogynecological, and oncogynecological operations. Thorough knowledge regarding pelvic anatomy of these spaces is vital to minimize morbidity and mortality. In this article, we defined nine avascular female pelvic spaces—their boundaries, different approaches, attention during dissection, and applications in obstetrics and gynecology. We described the fourth space and separate the paravesical and pararectal space, as nerve-sparing gynecological procedures request a precise understanding of retroperitoneal spaces.

Download Full-text