The shallow structure of a surface-rupturing fault in unconsolidated deposits from multi-scale electrical resistivity data: The 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 central Italy earthquake case study

An important portion of the historical built environment, which is characterized by un-reinforced masonry, is particularly vulnerable to collapse in case of earthquakes, as demonstrated by recent events. Strategies to target the facades of the most vulnerable buildings need to be tailored for retrofitting and emergency planning. In this research, a novel expeditious vulnerability assessment method, particularly suitable for historical masonry aggregates, is proposed. The method allows assessing the vulnerability index based on information available from external surveys on the building, thus facilitating and speeding up the investigation. If other more precise information (e.g., curbs and tie rods effectiveness) is available, the vulnerability estimation can be improved. The method focuses on out-of-plane mechanisms of the facade, which cause debris to fall on adjacent streets, impeding emergency response. The expeditious method is tailored starting from analytical methods applied on a large sample of historical buildings hit by earthquakes, and validated by means of comparison with kinematic analysis and observed damage state on a relevant case study, Caldarola (Macerata, Central Italy, which was struck by the earthquake in 2016). Results show a good agreement between the proposed method, the kinematic analysis, and the observed damage state of the considered case study, with 75% and 87.5% correspondence, and the method is especially precise for evaluating highly damaged facades.

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On the reliability of the equivalent frame models: the case study of the permanently monitored Pizzoli’s town hall

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01145-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefania Degli Abbati ◽

Paolo Morandi ◽

Serena Cattari ◽

Enrico Spacone

Keyword(s):

Central Italy ◽

Ambient Vibration ◽

Second Phase ◽

Masonry Building ◽

Town Hall ◽

Central Italy Earthquake ◽

Ambient Vibration Tests ◽

Equivalent Frame ◽

Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThis paper presents the comparison of the results of modal and nonlinear analyses carried out on a 2-story masonry building with rigid diaphragms, inspired by the Pizzoli’s town hall (AQ, Italy). The case study is one of the Benchmark Structures (labeled BS6) in the “URM nonlinear modelling–Benchmark project” funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC) within the framework of the ReLUIS projects. The building has been instrumented since 2009 with a permanent monitoring system by the Osservatorio Sismico delle Strutture (OSS) of the DPC and was hit by the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence. In the research first phase, modal and nonlinear static analyses were carried out in a blind prediction, without any preliminary calibration of the models, but referring only to commonly made assumptions on materials and modelling. Five computer programs based on the Equivalent Frame Model (EFM) approach were used. Four different structural configurations were considered: with weak spandrels (A), with tie rods coupled to spandrels (B), with RC ring beams coupled to spandrels (C) and with “shear type” idealization (D). In the research second phase, two of the developed EFMs were calibrated in the elastic range using the results of available Ambient Vibration Tests (AVTs). The models were then validated in the nonlinear range by simulating the dynamic response of the structure recorded during the mainshocks of the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake. Recorded and numerical results were compared at both the global and local scale.

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3‐D deep electrical resistivity tomography of the major basin related to the 2016 M w 6.5 central Italy earthquake fault

Tectonics ◽

10.1029/2020tc006628 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V. Sapia ◽

F. Villani ◽

F. Fischanger ◽

M. Lupi ◽

P. Baccheschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽

Central Italy ◽

Resistivity Tomography ◽

Earthquake Fault ◽

Central Italy Earthquake

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UAV DIRECT GEOREFERENCING APPROACH IN AN EMERGENCY MAPPING CONTEXT. THE 2016 CENTRAL ITALY EARTHQUAKE CASE STUDY

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-247-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽

pp. 247-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Chiabrando ◽

F. Giulio Tonolo ◽

A. Lingua

Keyword(s):

Control Point ◽

Central Italy ◽

Rapid Mapping ◽

Central Italy Earthquake ◽

Local Stakeholders ◽

Expected Benefits ◽

High Level ◽

Nadir Angle ◽

Kinematic Solution

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> UAVs platform are increasingly deployed by first responders and local stakeholders to get a first overview of disaster affected areas with a high level of detail and different off-nadir angle configurations. Through a rapid mapping approach, the acquired data (video sequences or pictures) are analysed to extract information on damages to buildings and infrastructures with the goal to support the Search and Rescue operations. The specific focus of the paper is on evaluating the expected benefits (from the rapid mapping perspective) deriving from a direct georeferencing approach when using UAV with RTK capabilities. Specifically, data acquired by a fixed wing eBee RTK platform by SenseFly over the areas affected by the earthquake that hit central Italy in 2016 have been processed to compare the positional accuracies of orthoimagery generated by means of a direct georeferencing approach (without any GPC) with and without a post-processing kinematic solution. The results highlight that an RTK-enabled platform allows to achieve orthoimagery positioning accuracy values up to few centimeters without the need of any control point. In the conclusion session the operational implications of a PPK-based approach versus a standard direct georeferencing are critically discussed.</p>

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