NSP1 allies with GSK3 to inhibit nodule symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawahar Singh ◽  
Praveen Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Nodule Symbiosis

scholarly journals Aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Akira Yamawo
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Plant Communication ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

AbstractAboveground communication between plants is well known to change defense traits in leaves, but its effects on belowground plant traits and soil characteristics have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis via induction of bactericidal chemical defense substances and changes the soil nutrient environment. Soybean plants were exposed to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from damaged shoots of Solidago canadensis var. scabra, and leaf defense traits (total phenolics, saponins), root saponins, and root nodule symbiosis traits (number and biomass of root nodules) were measured. Soil C/N ratios and mineral concentrations were also measured to estimate the effects of resource uptake by the plants. We found that total phenolics were not affected. However, plants that received VOCs had higher saponin concentrations in both leaves and roots, and fewer root nodules than untreated plants. Although the concentrations of soil minerals did not differ between treatments, soil C/N ratio was significantly higher in the soil of communicated plants. Thus, the aboveground plant-to-plant communication led to reductions in root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations. Our results suggest that there are broader effects of induced chemical defenses in aboveground plant organs upon belowground microbial interactions and soil nutrients, and emphasize that plant response based on plant-to-plant communications are a bridge between above- and below-ground ecosystems.

scholarly journals SymGRASS: a database of sugarcane orthologous genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhiza and root nodule symbiosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Belarmino ◽  
Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Nina da Mota Soares Cavalcanti ◽  
Nicolas Krezdorn ◽  
Ederson Akio Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

scholarly journals Antioxidant ability of glutaredoxins and their role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zou ◽  
Yanlin Zhou ◽  
Guojun Cheng ◽  
Yang Peng ◽  
Sha Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Antioxidant Proteins ◽  
Mixed Disulfides ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Glutaredoxins (Grx) are redoxin family proteins that reduce disulfides and mixed disulfides between glutathione and proteins. Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae 3841 contains three genes coding for glutaredoxins: RL4289 (grxA) codes for a dithiolic glutaredoxin, RL2615 (grxB) codes for a monothiol glutaredoxin, while RL4261 (grxC) codes for a glutaredoxin-like NrdH protein. We generated mutants interrupted in one, two, or three glutaredoxin genes. These mutants had no obvious differences in growth phenotypes from the wild type RL3841. However, while a mutant of grxC did not affect the antioxidant or symbiotic capacities of R. leguminosarum, grxA-derived or grxB mutants decreased antioxidant and nitrogen fixation capacities. Furthermore, grxA mutants were severely impaired in rhizosphere colonization, and formed smaller nodules with defects of bacteroid differentiation, whereas nodules induced by grxB mutants contained abnormally thick cortices and prematurely senescent bacteroids. The grx triple mutant had the greatest defect in antioxidant and symbiotic capacities of R. leguminosarum and quantitative proteomics revealed it had 56 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated proteins relative to wildtype. Of these proteins, twenty-eight are involved in transporter activity, twenty are related to stress response and virulence, and sixteen are involved in amino acid metabolism. Overall, R. leguminosarum glutaredoxins behave as antioxidant proteins mediating root nodule symbiosis. IMPORTANCE Glutaredoxin catalyzes glutathionylation/deglutathionylation reactions, protects SH-groups from oxidation and restores functionally active thiols. Three glutaredoxins exist in R. leguminosarum and their properties were investigated in free-living bacteria and during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. All the glutaredoxins were necessary for oxidative stress defense. Dithiol GrxA affects nodulation and nitrogen fixation of bacteroids by altering deglutathionylation reactions, monothiol GrxB is involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation by regulating Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and GrxC may participate in symbiosis by an unknown mechanism. Proteome analysis provides clues to explain the differences between the grx triple mutant and wild-type nodules.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Root Nodule Symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium and ‘Crack-Entry’ Legume Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Samrat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Fernando Ibañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients and a major factor limiting crop productivity. To meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation in different crop species. Legumes are able to establish root nodule symbiosis (RNS) with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria which are collectively called rhizobia. This mutualistic association is highly specific, and each rhizobia species/strain interacts with only a specific group of legumes, and vice versa. Nodulation involves multiple phases of interactions ranging from initial bacterial attachment and infection establishment to late nodule development, characterized by a complex molecular signalling between plants and rhizobia. Characteristically, legumes like groundnut display a bacterial invasion strategy popularly known as “crack-entry’’ mechanism, which is reported approximately in 25% of all legumes. This article accommodates critical discussions on the bacterial infection mode, dynamics of nodulation, components of symbiotic signalling pathway, and also the effects of abiotic stresses and phytohormone homeostasis related to the root nodule symbiosis of groundnut and Bradyrhizobium. These parameters can help to understand how groundnut RNS is programmed to recognize and establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, adjusting gene expression in response to various regulations. This review further attempts to emphasize the current understanding of advancements regarding RNS research in the groundnut and speculates on prospective improvement possibilities in addition to ways for expanding it to other crops towards achieving sustainable agriculture and overcoming environmental challenges.

scholarly journals Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene MtDGD1 Plays an Essential Role in Nodule Development and Nitrogen Fixation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1196-1209
Author(s):  
Zaiyong Si ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
Rongrong Liang ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Dasong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Fixation Activity ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Little is known about the genes participating in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthesis during nodule symbiosis. Here, we identified full-length MtDGD1, a synthase of DGDG, and characterized its effect on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that MtDGD1 was located on the symbiosome membranes in the infected cells. β-Glucuronidase histochemical staining revealed that MtDGD1 was highly expressed in the infection zone of young nodules as well as in the whole mature nodules. Compared with the control, MtDGD1-RNA interference transgenic plants exhibited significant decreases in nodule number, symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity, and DGDG abundance in the nodules, as well as abnormal nodule and symbiosome development. Overexpression of MtDGD1 resulted in enhancement of nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity. In response to phosphorus starvation, the MtDGD1 expression level was substantially upregulated and the abundance of nonphospholipid DGDG was significantly increased in the roots and nodules, accompanied by corresponding decreases in the abundance of phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Overall, our results indicate that DGD1 contributes to effective nodule organogenesis and nitrogen fixation by affecting the synthesis and content of DGDG during symbiosis.

scholarly journals A Roadmap toward Engineered Nitrogen-Fixing Nodule Symbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Huisman ◽  
Rene Geurts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

scholarly journals A New Species of Devosia That Forms a Unique Nitrogen-Fixing Root-Nodule Symbiosis with the Aquatic Legume Neptunia natans (L.f.) Druce

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 5217-5222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Rivas ◽  
Encarna Velázquez ◽  
Anne Willems ◽  
Nieves Vizcaíno ◽  
Nanjappa S. Subba-Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

ABSTRACT Rhizobia are the common bacterial symbionts that form nitrogen-fixing root nodules in legumes. However, recently other bacteria have been shown to nodulate and fix nitrogen symbiotically with these plants. Neptunia natans is an aquatic legume indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions and in African soils is nodulated by Allorhizobium undicola. This legume develops an unusual root-nodule symbiosis on floating stems in aquatic environments through a unique infection process. Here, we analyzed the low-molecular-weight RNA and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of the same fast-growing isolates from India that were previously used to define the developmental morphology of the unique infection process in this symbiosis with N. natans and found that they are phylogenetically located in the genus Devosia, not Allorhizobium or Rhizobium. The 16S rDNA sequences of these two Neptunia-nodulating Devosia strains differ from the only species currently described in that genus, Devosia riboflavina. From the same isolated colonies, we also located their nodD and nifH genes involved in nodulation and nitrogen fixation on a plasmid of approximately 170 kb. Sequence analysis showed that their nodD and nifH genes are most closely related to nodD and nifH of Rhizobium tropici, suggesting that this newly described Neptunia-nodulating Devosia species may have acquired these symbiotic genes by horizontal transfer.

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