Effects of a stretching regime on stride length and range of motion in equine trot

2009 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha S. Rose ◽  
Alison J. Northrop ◽  
Charlotte V. Brigden ◽  
Jaime H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stride Length

Cerebral palsy and rhizotomy: A 3-year follow-up evaluation with gait analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Vaughan ◽  
Barbara Berman ◽  
Warwick J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Early Functional Outcome ◽  
Selective Posterior Rhizotomy

✓ A recent increase in the popularity of selective posterior rhizotomy for reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy has led to a demand for more objective studies of outcome and long-term follow-up results. The authors present the results of gait analysis on 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy, who underwent selective posterior rhizotomy in 1985. Sagittal plane gait patterns were studied before surgery and at 1 and 3 years after surgery using a digital camera system. The parameters measured included the range of motion at the knee and thigh, stride length, speed of walking, and cadence. The range of motion at the knee was significantly increased at 1 year after surgery and further improved to a nearly normal range at 3 years after surgery. In contrast, postoperative measurements of thigh range exceeded normal values at 1 year, but decreased toward normal range at 3 years. While improvements in range of motion continued between Years 1 and 3, the children developed a more extended thigh and knee position, which indicated a more upright walking posture. Stride length and speed of walking also improved, while cadence remained essentially unchanged. This 3-year follow-up study, the first to examine rhizotomy using an objective approach, has provided some encouraging results regarding early functional outcome.

A Study of Effects of Intervention of Botulinum Toxin- A on Lower Limb in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
U Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Wadhwa ◽  
SL Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Base Of Support

Abstract Objective Analysis of clinical gait pattern, change in spasticity and range of motion (ROM) in cerebral palsy patient (CP) with spastic lower limb muscle after injecting botulinum toxin- A. Study Design Prospective study Methods 28 children (18 male and 10 female) with spastic CP had problems in normal walking, aged 2–9 years (mean age 4.65 years), consecutively treated in the PMR department over a 2-year period, were prospectively followed-up and clinically assessed pre- and post-treatment (at 2 weeks and 2 months) both objectively and subjectively. Objective assessment included gait parameters -- stride length, cadence, velocity, step length, base of support; active and passive range of motion (ROM), (measured by goniometry) and spasticity on modified Ashworth scale. Subjective assessment was done by asking questionnaire in terms of comfort, ease of care, perineal hygiene, walking. Injections were given using clinical palpatory method on OPD basis. All patients received botulinum toxin-A injections, followed with exercises and activities and orthosis as needed. Results Significant improvement was achieved for spasticity reduction in gastrocnemius (p< 0.001), hamstring and adductor (p=0.050), ankle AROM & PROM (p< 0.001), active knee extension (p=0.009), popliteal angle (p=0.015) and percentage left and right foot contact (p< 0.001), whereas non-significant change was observed in step length, cadence, velocity, stride length, and base of support. Parents felt subjective improvement in most of the cases (>90%). Conclusions Botulinum toxin- A injection is effective in the treatment of spastic lower limb muscles for equinus/ crouching/scissoring gait in cerebral palsy children. The treatment was feasible and easily implemented. Botulinum toxin- A injections were well tolerated, yielded no serious treatment-related adverse events.

scholarly journals Independent and sensitive gait parameters for objective evaluation in knee and hip osteoarthritis using wearable sensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Boekesteijn ◽  
J.M.H. Smolders ◽  
V.J.J.F. Busch ◽  
A.C.H. Geurts ◽  
K. Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
End Stage

AbstractObjectiveTo identify non-redundant gait parameters sensitive to end-stage knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA), with a specific focus on turning, dual task performance, and upper body motion in addition to straight-ahead gait.DesignGait was compared between individuals with unilateral, end-stage knee (n=25) or hip OA (n=26) scheduled for joint replacement, and healthy controls (n=27). For 2 minutes, subjects walked back-and-forth along a 6 meter trajectory making 180° turns, with and without a secondary cognitive task. Gait parameters were collected using 4 inertial measurement units on the feet and trunk. The dataset was reduced using factor analysis. One gait parameter from each factor was selected based on factor loading and effect size of the comparison between OA groups and healthy controls.ResultsFour independent domains of gait were obtained: speed-spatial, speed-temporal, dual task cost, and upper body motion. Turning parameters did not constitute a separate domain. From these domains, stride length (speed-spatial) and cadence (speed-temporal) had the strongest factor loadings and effect sizes for both knee and hip OA, and lumbar sagittal range of motion (upper body motion) for hip OA only.ConclusionsStride length, cadence, and lumbar sagittal range of motion were non-redundant and sensitive parameters, representing gait adaptations in individuals with knee or hip OA. Turning or dual task parameters had no additional value for evaluating gait in knee and hip OA. These findings hold promise for the objective evaluation of gait in the clinic. Future steps should include testing of responsiveness to interventions aiming to improve mobility.

scholarly journals Increased Contact Time and Strength Deficits in Runners With Exercise-Related Lower Leg Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Koldenhoven ◽  
Amy Virostek ◽  
Alexandra F. DeJong ◽  
Michael Higgins ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Lower Leg Pain ◽  
Laboratory Measures

Context Exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP) is common in runners. Objective To compare biomechanical (kinematic, kinetic, and spatiotemporal) measures obtained from wearable sensors as well as lower extremity alignment, range of motion, and strength during running between runners with and those without ERLLP. Design Case-control study. Setting Field and laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Of 32 young adults who had been running regularly (&gt;10 mi [16 km] per week) for ≥3 months, 16 had ERLLP for ≥2 weeks and 16 were healthy control participants. Main Outcome Measure(s) Both field and laboratory measures were collected at the initial visit. The laboratory measures consisted of alignment (arch height index, foot posture index, navicular drop, tibial torsion, Q-angle, and hip anteversion), range of motion (great toe, ankle, knee, and hip), and strength. Participants then completed a 1.67-mi (2.69-km) run along a predetermined route to calibrate the RunScribe devices. The RunScribe wearable sensors collected kinematic (pronation excursion and maximum pronation velocity), kinetic (impact g and braking g), and spatiotemporal (stride length, step length, contact time, stride pace, and flight ratio) measures. Participants then wore the sensors during at least 3 training runs in the next week. Results The ERLLP group had a slower stride pace than the healthy group, which was accounted for as a covariate in subsequent analyses. The ERLLP group had a longer contact time during the stance phase of running (mean difference [MD] = 18.00 ± 8.27 milliseconds) and decreased stride length (MD = −0.11 ± 0.05 m) than the control group. For the clinical measures, the ERLLP group demonstrated increased range of motion for great-toe flexion (MD = 13.9 ± 4.6°) and ankle eversion (MD = 6.3 ± 2.7°) and decreased strength for ankle inversion (MD = −0.49 ± 0.23 N/kg), ankle eversion (MD = −0.57 ± 0.27 N/kg), and hip flexion (MD = −0.99 ± 0.39 N/kg). Conclusions The ERLLP group exhibited a longer contact time and decreased stride length during running as well as strength deficits at the ankle and hip. Gait retraining and lower extremity strengthening may be warranted as clinical interventions in runners with ERLLP.

Changes in Sprint Stride Kinematics with Age in Master’s Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Extremity Motion ◽  
Calculated Velocity ◽  
Support Time

A study was undertaken to determine the kinematic nature of the decline in sprint velocity that has been found to occur with aging. Subjects included 162 Master’s sprinters ranging in age from 30 to 94 years. Data were collected at a national championship meet and a World Veterans Championships through use of videotape and the Peak Performance Motion Measurement System. From the digitized videotape data, measures of sprint stride velocity, stride length, stride period, support time, swing time, flight time, and hip, knee, and trunk range of motion were calculated. Velocity, stride length, flight time, swing time, and range of motion in the hip and knee all decreased significantly (p<.05) with age, whereas stride period and support time increased. Further, the proportional relationship between the components of the stride was significantly (p<.05) altered. From this it was inferred that as these sprinters aged there was a decreased ability to exert muscle force as well as a decreased ability to move quickly through a full range of lower extremity motion.

Changes in Running Pattern during a Treadmill Run to Volitional Exhaustion: Fast versus Slower Runners

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Siler ◽  
Philip E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
Length Range ◽  
Running Pattern ◽  
Coordinate Data ◽  
Head Neck

In order to compare fast and slow runners with respect to the relative timing of the compensations they make to maintain a given running velocity during a prolonged effort, coordinate data were collected periodically for 9 fast and 10 slow volunteers performing a treadmill run to volitional exhaustion at a speed approximating their 10-km race pace. Statistically significant but small changes were noted in the average stride length, range of motion at the thigh, maximum thigh flexion, maximum knee extension, maximum knee flexion, and head-neck-trunk segment (HNT) angle at maximum thigh extension. No statistically significant differences were detected, however, with regard to the relative timing of the compensations demonstrated by the two groups. It was concluded that runners demonstrate subtle compensations in running pattern as they approach volitional exhaustion. In addition, it was concluded that the performance level of the runners as reflected by the ranges of 10-km run performance used in this investigation does not affect the relative timing of the compensations. Finally, it appears that some individuals are more sensitive to the effects of fatigue as evidenced by extreme compensations in running pattern.

Biomechanical Variables in Sprint Running of Athletes with Cerebral Palsy

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Pope ◽  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Jerry Wilkerson ◽  
Jean Pyfer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Shoulder Range

This paper describes the sprint running of selected Class 6, 7, and 8 international-level athletes with cerebral palsy (CP), contrasts their biomechanical characteristics with those reported for nondisabled runners, and delineates discriminating biomechanical parameters among classes. Subjects included 17 male and female Class 6, 7, and 8 athletes with CP who competed in international competition and were finalists or semifinalists in sprint events. High speed films were taken, and data reduction was performed. It was concluded that (a) elite Class 6, 7, and 8 athletes with CP descriptively differ from findings reported in the nondisabled literature on variables of stride length, velocity, ratio of support to nonsupport time, time of forward swing, trunk angle, hip angle, angle of touchdown, and stride time (females only); (b) athletes with CP differ (right-side values only) between classes for hip range of motion, hip velocity, knee and elbow range of motion, and trunk angle average; and (c) distinguishing biomechanical characteristics exist between the more involved and noninvolved or less involved sides for hip velocity, angle of touchdown, and hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder range of motion.

Impairment Tutorial: Recurrent Radioculpathy: Recurrent Radioculpathy and Apportionment

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Disk Herniation ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Recurrent Injury ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Spinal Region

Abstract Recurrent radiculopathy is evaluated by a different approach in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, compared to that in the Fourth Edition. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, specifies several occasions on which the range-of-motion (ROM), not the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) method, is used to rate spinal impairments. For example, the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, clarifies that ROM is used only for radiculopathy caused by a recurrent injury, including when there is new (recurrent) disk herniation or a recurrent injury in the same spinal region. In the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, radiculopathy was rated using the Injury Model, which is termed the DRE method in the Fifth Edition. Also, in the Fourth Edition, for the lumbar spine all radiculopathies resulted in the same impairment (10% whole person permanent impairment), based on that edition's philosophy that radiculopathy is not quantifiable and, once present, is permanent. A rating of recurrent radiculopathy suggests the presence of a previous impairment rating and may require apportionment, which is the process of allocating causation among two or more factors that caused or significantly contributed to an injury and resulting impairment. A case example shows the divergent results following evaluation using the Injury Model (Fourth Edition) and the ROM Method (Fifth Edition) and concludes that revisions to the latter for rating permanent impairments of the spine often will lead to different results compared to using the Fourth Edition.

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