Testicular tumor markers in the spermatic vein - correlation to pathology, stage and outcome

Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Banner ◽  
Michael Lotterstätter ◽  
Stephan Madersbacher ◽  
Ingrid Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Spermatic Vein

SIGNIFICANCE OF MEASUREMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF TUMOR MARKERS WITH GERMINAL CELL TESTICULAR TUMOR

1980 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-362
Author(s):  
Sadao Kamidono ◽  
Soichi Arakawa ◽  
Muneyoshi Masuda ◽  
Gaku Hamami ◽  
Nobori Shimatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Germinal Cell

scholarly journals Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ivan Damjanov
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

<p>This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Non-Coding microRNAs as Novel Potential Tumor Markers in Testicular Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Regouc ◽  
Gazanfer Belge ◽  
Anja Lorch ◽  
Klaus-Peter Dieckmann ◽  
Martin Pichler
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Β Hcg

Testicular cancer is an important disease with increasing incidence and a high burden of morbidity and mortality in young men worldwide. Histological examination of the testicular tissue after orchiectomy plays an important role alongside patient history, imaging, clinical presentation and laboratory parameters. Surgical procedures and chemotherapeutic treatment provide a high chance of cure in early stages, though some patients in advanced stages belonging to a poor risk group experience cancer-related death. Though conventional serum-based tumor markers, including α-fetoprotein (AFP), the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are useful as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, unfortunately, these tumor markers only have a sensitivity of about 60%, and in pure seminoma even lower with about 20%. Therefore, the development of new tumor markers is an important and intensively ongoing issue. The analysis of epigenetic modification and non-coding RNA microRNAs (miRNAs) are carrying most promising potential as tumor markers in future. miRNAs are small RNAs secreted by testicular tumor cells and circulate and be measurable in body fluids. In recent years, miRNAs of the miR-371-373 cluster in particular have been identified as potentially superior tumor markers in testicular cancer patients. Studies showed that miR-371a-3p and miR-302/367 expression significantly differ between testicular tumors and healthy testicular tissue. Several studies including high prospective multi-center trials clearly demonstrated that these miRNAs significantly exceed the sensitivity and specificity of conventional tumor markers and may help to facilitate the diagnosis, follow-up, and early detection of recurrences in testicular cancer patients. In addition, other miRNAs such as miR-223-3p, miR-449, miR-383, miR-514a-3p, miR-199a-3p, and miR-214 will be discussed in this review. However, further studies are needed to identify the value of these novel markers in additional clinical scenarios, including the monitoring in active surveillance or after adjuvant chemotherapy, but also to show the limitations of these tumor markers. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the current knowledge regarding the relevance of non-coding miRNAs as biomarkers in testicular cancer.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF STAGE I, II TESTICULAR TUMOR BASED ON TUMOR MARKERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1393
Author(s):  
Sadao Kamidono ◽  
Soichi Arakawa ◽  
Gaku Hamami ◽  
Keiichi Umezu ◽  
Akio Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Stage I

Testicular Tumor Markers

2010 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Nathan Lawrentschuk ◽  
Damien M. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Testicular Tumor

scholarly journals Testicular sparing surgery in small testis masses: A multinstitutional experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Galosi ◽  
Paola Fulvi ◽  
Andrea Fabiani ◽  
Lucilla Servi ◽  
Alessandra Filosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Small Lesion ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Small Testis

Introduction: The incidence of benign testicular tumors is increasing in particular in small lesion incidentally found at scrotal ultrasonography. Primary aim of this study was to perform radical surgery in malignant tumor. Secondary aim was to verify the efficacy of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway recently adopted in management of small masses with testis sparing surgery in benign lesions. Materials and methods: In this multicenter study, we reviewed all patients with single testis lesion less than 15 mm at ultrasound as main diameter. We applied the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway described by Sbrollini et al. (Arch Ital Urol Androl 2014; 86:397) which comprises: 1) testicular tumor markers, 2) repeated scrotal ultrasound at the tertiary center, 3) surgical exploration with inguinal approach, intraoperative ultrasound, and intraoperative pathological examination. Definitive histology was reviewed by a dedicated uro-pathologist. Results: Twenty-eight patients completed this clinical flowchart. The mean lesion size was 9.3 mm (range 2.5-15). Testicular tumor markers were normal except in a case. Intraoperative ultrasound was necessary in 8/28 cases. We treated 11/28 (39.3%) with immediate radical orchiectomy and 17/28 (60.7%) with testis-sparing surgery. Definitive pathological results were: malignant tumor in 6 cases (seminoma), benign tumor in 10 cases (5 Leydig tumors, 2 Sertoli tumors, 1 epidermoid cyst, 1 adenomatoid tumor, 1 angiofibroma), benign disease in 11 (8 inflammation with haemorragic infiltration, 2 tubular atrophy, 1 fibrosis), and normal parenchyma in 1 case. We observed a good concordance between frozen section examination and definitive histology. Any malignant tumor was treated conservatively. Any delayed orchiectomy was necessary based on definitive histology. Conclusions: The incidence of benign lesions in 60% of small testis lesions with normal tumor markers makes orchiectomy an overtreatment. Testicular sparing surgery of single testicular nodules below 15 mm is a safe option, but requires a standardized pathway in diagnosis. Our pathway has shown good reliability and security profile to be applied in a multicenter management for small scrotal masses. Our study has shown the reliability of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway in the management of single testicular masses. The higher incidence of benign lesions in 60% of patients makes often orchiectomy an overtreatment.

Correlation of Computed Tomography and Serum Tumor Markers in Metastatic Retroperitoneal Testicular Tumor

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Javadpour ◽  
John L. Doppman ◽  
Stuart M. Bergman ◽  
Tom Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Serum Tumor Markers

scholarly journals Late testicular relapse two decades after primary extragonadal germ cell tumor with uncommon metastases: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoi Tobiume ◽  
Shigeyuki Aoki ◽  
Genya Nishikawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Muramatsu ◽  
Kenzo Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
The Right ◽  
Primary Retroperitoneal

Abstract Background Extragonadal germ cell tumor (EGCT) is a relatively rare condition, reportedly representing 3–7% of all germ cell tumors. We report a patient who had metachronous testicular tumor with uncommon metastases 20 years after primary retroperitoneal EGCT treatment, along with a corresponding literature review. Case presentation A 49-year-old Japanese man visited our department in November 2017 with chief complaints of indolent right scrotum enlargement and a right inguinal mass. History showed that the patient visited our department of gastroenterology with chief complaints of blackish feces and ill complexion in February 1997. Computed tomography (CT) showed a right retroperitoneal tumor, which was removed in the same month. Histopathological examination showed a teratoma and yolk sac tumor. He was diagnosed with primary retroperitoneal EGCT and received three courses of chemotherapy (bleomycin/etoposide/cisplatin; BEP). Periodic imaging and the determination of tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) showed no recurrence or metastasis during the 5 years postoperatively. Subsequently, he did not visit the outpatient ward. In August 1999, he underwent surgery of right hydrocele. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a 35-mm contrast effect with uneven content in the right testicle and enlarged nodes that raised suspicion for metastases in the right inguinal and right external iliac lymph nodes. All tumor markers were within normal ranges. He underwent right high orchiectomy and resection of the right inguinal lymph nodes in the same month. Histopathological findings revealed seminoma (pT1, pN2, M0, S0, and TNM stage IIB). He received postoperative chemotherapy, one course of BEP therapy, and three courses of etoposide and cisplatin therapy. Post-chemotherapy CT confirmed a complete clinical response at the right external iliac lymph nodes, and this response continued 12 months later. No recurrence or metastasis has been found so far. Conclusions We report a patient in whom a testicular tumor with uncommon metastases occurred 20 years after primary retroperitoneal EGCT treatment. After EGCT treatment, testicular relapses tend to occur after relatively long-term follow-up. After EGCT treatment, such patients must be closely monitored for testicular recurrences and onset of testicular tumor.

Choroid Metastasis from Testicular Carcinoma: A Rare Entity

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dig Vijay Singh ◽  
Vishali Gupta ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Mixed Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Testicular Carcinoma ◽  
Bony Involvement ◽  
Bullous Retinal Detachment

The aim of this report is to contribute to the clinical understanding of choroid metastasis from testicular carcinoma. A young male patient presented with loss of vision in his left eye with ptosis and proptosis. Fundoscopy revealed bullous retinal detachment with dark hazy vitreous. The preliminary diagnosis of choroid carcinoma with vitreous involvement was made by an ophthalmologist. Later in the physical examination, there was a firm painless left testicular swelling. Testicular tumor markers were raised. Based on ultrasonography, MRI and PET-CT, a clinical diagnosis of left testicular carcinoma metastasizing to the left choroid and vitreous was made. A mixed germ cell tumor was reported on histopathological examination. After cisplatin-based chemotherapy, serum tumor markers normalized and vision improved. Exceptional choroidal and vitreous metastases with absence of other visceral and bony involvement constituted the presenting sign. Although rare, testicular carcinoma must be considered to metastasize to the eye, especially if loss of vision is the chief complaint.

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