Testicular tumor markers: Corner-stones in the management of malignant germ cell tumors / Hoden-Tumor-marker: Eckpfeiler in der Behandlung maligner Keimzelltumoren

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
W. Albrecht ◽  
M. De Santis ◽  
A. Dossenbach-Glaninger
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

scholarly journals Detection of Relapse by Tumor Markers Versus Imaging in Children and Adolescents With Nongerminomatous Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Fonseca ◽  
Caihong Xia ◽  
Armando J. Lorenzo ◽  
Mark Krailo ◽  
Thomas A. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

PURPOSE To investigate relapse detection methods among children and adolescents with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and to determine whether tumor markers alone might be sufficient for surveillance. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients enrolled in a phase III, single-arm trial for low-risk and intermediate-risk MGCTs. The method used to detect relapse was assessed based on case report forms, tumor markers, imaging, and pathology reports. Relapses were classified into one of two categories on the basis of whether they were (1) detectable by tumor marker elevation or (2) not detectable by tumor markers. RESULTS A total of 302 patients were enrolled, and 284 patients had complete data for review. Seven patients had normal tumor markers at initial diagnosis, and none experienced a relapse. At a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 48 patients (16.9%) had experienced a relapse. After central review, 47 of 48 relapses (98%) were detected by tumor marker elevation. Of the 47 patients, 16 (33.3%) had abnormal tumor markers with normal/unknown imaging, 31 patients (64.6%) had abnormal tumor markers with abnormal imaging, and one patient (2.1%) had abnormal imaging with unknown marker levels at relapse. CONCLUSION Tumor marker elevation is a highly sensitive method of relapse surveillance, at least among children and adolescents with tumor marker elevation at initial diagnosis. Eliminating exposure to imaging with ionizing radiation may enhance the safety of relapse surveillance in patients treated for MGCT.

Evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Nakamura ◽  
Keishi Makino ◽  
Masato Kochi ◽  
Yukitaka Ushio ◽  
Jun-ichi Kuratsu
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Object The authors evaluated the effectiveness of a neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) consisting of combined chemoand radiotherapy followed by complete resection of the residual tumor in patients with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (NGMGCTs). Methods The authors treated 14 consecutive patients in whom NGMGCTs were diagnosed based on elevated levels of the tumor markers α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed, and after the serum tumor markers level was in the normal or near-normal range, the residual tumors were completely resected. Results Residual tumors were confirmed in 11 of the 14 patients after NAT, and total removal was successful in 10 of the 11 patients. In the other patient the residual tumor could not be completely excised because it was attached to a deep vein. The follow-up duration ranged from 1.2 to 22.2 years. The 5-year event-free and total survival rates were 86% and 93%, respectively. Although 3 patients died, 2 of tumor recurrence and 1 of a radiation-induced secondary tumor (glioblastoma), the other 11 are alive and without evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusions The authors consider their NAT protocol for NGMGCT to be highly effective in relation to survival for the patients with NGMGCT, but there are several quality of life issues that need to be resolved.

Seven tumor markers in benign and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyasu Kawai ◽  
Takeo Kano ◽  
Fumitaka Kikkawa ◽  
Yoshimitsu Morikawa ◽  
Hidenori Oguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

The value of cancer antigen-125 as a tumor marker in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko M. Altaras ◽  
Gary L. Goldberg ◽  
Wilfred Levin ◽  
Lynne Darge ◽  
Basil Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cancer Antigen 125 ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

scholarly journals Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ivan Damjanov
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

<p>This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.</p>

Prolonged survival in patients with persistently elevated tumor markers after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5051-5051
Author(s):  
Z. He ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
G. Liu ◽  
J. Manola ◽  
P. Loehrer
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

5051 Background: Persistently elevated levels of either AFP or HCG or both after chemotherapy are thought to represent residual viable disease while the normalization of tumor markers predicts favorable outcomes. This study was to evaluate the clinical implication of tumor marker normalization for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (GCTs). Methods: This was a retrospective data analysis from two prospective randomized trials (ECOG E4887 and E3887). In E4887, 178 patients with minimal- or moderate-stage disease (Indiana stage) were randomized to receive three cycles of cisplatin plus etoposide with/without bleomycin. In E3887, 304 patients with advanced disseminated GCTs were randomized to receive four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin versus the combination of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin. AFP and HCG were assessed at baseline and after each cycle of chemotherapy. Tumor marker normalization was defined as AFP or HCG normalized after completing chemotherapy. OS and PFS curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate and univariate models, stratified on International Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCCG), were used to assess the impact of marker normalization for patients with abnormal markers at study entry. Results: Median follow-up is 14.8 years. About 40% to 60% of Patients with persistently elevated AFP or HCG after chemotherapy have prolonged PFS and/or OS. In IGCCCG poor risk patients, 35% to 55% of them with persistently elevated AFP or HCG after chemotherapy have prolonged PFS and/or OS. There is a statistically significant difference in OS associated with AFP normalization in both multivariate (p=0.008, HR=0.51 with 95% CI=0.31–0.84) and univariate analysis (p=0.0008, HR=0.43 with 95% CI=0.26–0.71). However, there was no statistically significant difference in OS associated with normalization of HCG in both multivariate analysis (p=0.52, HR=0.84 with 95% CI=0.50–1.41) and univariate analysis (p=0.29, HR=0.76 with 95% CI=0.46–1.26). Conclusions: Patients with persistently elevated AFP or HCG after chemotherapy may still have prolonged PFS and/or OS. Normalization of AFP but not HCG is associated with better OS in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous GCTs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Study of clinical significance and histopathological correlation of serum β- hCG level

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2310
Author(s):  
Faruq Ibrahimbhai Mulla ◽  
Kailash Sukhram Inaniya
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Trophoblastic Disease ◽  
Ectopic Gestation ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Background: β-hCG is a marker useful in diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), ectopic gestation (EG), spontaneous abortion (SA) and malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT) and it is helpful to clinician as an excellent tumor marker. It is useful to monitor treatment whether tumor is responding to treatment or the disease is progressing.Methods: β-hCG is a marker useful in diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), ectopic gestation (EG), spontaneous abortion (SA) and malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT) and it is helpful to clinician as an excellent tumor marker. It is useful to monitor treatment whether tumor is responding to treatment or the disease is progressing.Results: p value is highly significant in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases, EG and SA, as p value is < 0.005 in all these three categories. But in case of MGCT it is 0.452 which is not significant because study group was very small and one case who developed recurrence affected the value significantly. These findings suggest that β-hCG has definitive prognostic role (p value<0.005) in GTD, EG and SA.Conclusions: ELISA is rapid, sensitive, reliable and cost effective test for measurement of β-hCG. Pre-and post-therapeutic β-hCG serum levels seem to be useful in the therapy monitoring of trophoblastic gynaecological conditions i.e. GTD, EG and SA.

scholarly journals Placental alkaline phosphatase levels in cerebrospinal fluid can have a decisive role in the differential diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Aihara ◽  
Sinichiro Watanabe ◽  
Kosaku Amano ◽  
Kana Komatsu ◽  
Kentaro Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intracranial Germinoma ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Very High

OBJECTIVEPlacental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in CSF can provide a very high diagnostic value in cases of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs), especially in pure germinomas, to the level of not requiring histological confirmation. Unlike other tumor markers, reliable data analysis with respect to the diagnostic value of PLAP serum or CSF levels has not been available until now. This is the first systematic and comprehensive study examining the diagnostic value of CSF PLAP in patients with intracranial GCTs.METHODSFrom 2004 to 2014, 74 patients (average age 19.6 ± 10.6 years) with intracranial GCTs were evaluated using PLAP from their CSF and histological samples. Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay was utilized to measure CSF PLAP in the following tumor sites: pineal (n = 32), pituitary stalk, suprasellar (n = 16), basal ganglia (n = 15), intraventricular (n = 9), and cerebellar (n = 5) regions. In addition to classifying GCT cases, all patients underwent tumor biopsy for correlation with tumor marker data.RESULTSPLAP in combination with other tumor markers resulted in extremely high sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic value of intracranial GCTs. Intracranial GCT cases were classified into 1) germinomas, both “pure” and syncytiotrophoblastic giant cell types (n = 38); 2) nongerminomatous GCTs, choriocarcinomas (n = 9) and teratomas (n = 4); and 3) nongerminomas, other kinds of tumors (n = 23). Consequently, all patients received chemoradiation therapy based on elevation of PLAP and the histopathological results. It was also speculated that the level of PLAP could show the amount of intracranial germ cell components of a GCT. PLAP was 100% upregulated in all intracranial germinoma cases. The absence of CSF PLAP proved that the tumor was not a germinoma.CONCLUSIONSThe current study is the first systematic and comprehensive examination of the diagnostic value of the tumor marker PLAP in pediatric patients with intracranial GCT. Using the level of PLAP in CSF, we were able to detect the instances of intracranial germinoma with very high reliability, equivalent to a pathological diagnosis.

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