The increase in cholesterol levels at early stages after dengue virus infection correlates with an augment in LDL particle uptake and HMG-CoA reductase activity

Monascus purpureus is known to produce pigment molecules. The pigments were extracted from M. purpureus fermented rice. In-vitro antioxidant effects of pigments were observed and presumed to alleviate oxidative stress related atherosclerosis effect in rats fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. The formation of lipid peroxide due to the oxidation of serum lipid was higher in rats fed with HFD. While, the feeding of fermented rice (groups III-V) significantly lowered the formation of lipid peroxide (27.1–51.7%) in serum of rats, indicated antioxidative effect of pigments. In addition, feeding of fermented rice lowered serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol by 44.82 and 45.30%, respectively. Whereas, LDL-cholesterol levels were decreased by 70.12% and HDL-cholesterol increased by 34.58%. The atherogenic indices (LDL/HDL and TC/HDL) were reduced by 77.80 and 61.05%, respectively, in rats fed with fermented rice. These data confirmed the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pigments. Further liver enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was significantly inhibited up to 54%. The identification of statins, sterols and fatty acids in fermented rice revealed the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity. This was confirmed by synthesis of lower levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerol in liver of rats fed with fermented rice. Accordingly antioxidant, inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, anti-atherogenic functions of M. purpureus fermented rice is attributed to the collective effect of bioactive metabolites.

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TREM-1 modulation during early stages of dengue virus infection

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 158 (1-2) ◽

pp. 183-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J.A. Ruiz-Pacheco ◽

H. Vivanco-Cid ◽

I.Y. Izaguirre-Hernández ◽

I. Estrada-García ◽

L. Arriaga-Pizano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Virus Infection ◽

Early Stages

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Consortia of bioactives in supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of mustard and small cardamom seeds lower serum cholesterol levels in rats: new leads for hypocholesterolaemic supplements from spices

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2019.28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Soumi Chakraborty ◽

Kaninika Paul ◽

Priyanka Mallick ◽

Shrabani Pradhan ◽

Koushik Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Green Technology ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Coa Reductase

AbstractMelatonin-rich and 1,8-cineole-rich extracts have been successfully obtained from yellow mustard (YM) and small cardamom (SC) seeds, respectively, employing green technology of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction. Chemical profiling confirmed the presence of melatonin and 1,8-cineole and co-extractants in the respective extracts. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy attested strong antioxidant activities of the extracts foregoing pan-assay interference compounds involved in spectroscopic analysis. These extracts also exhibited synergistic efficacies greater than unity confirming antioxidant synergy among the co-extracted bioactives therein. To ascertain hypocholesterolaemic efficacies, these extracts were co-administered orally with Triton X (at the pre-optimised dose of 175 mg/kg body weight (BW)) to Wistar albino rats at doses of 550, 175 and 55 mg/kg BW. Serum total cholesterol levels in the rats were monitored on days 3, 7, 15 and 21. On day 21, total cholesterol level reduced appreciably by 49·44 % in rats treated with YM seed extract and by 48·95 % in rats treated with SC seed extract, comparable with atorvastatin-administered rats (51·09 %). Either extract demonstrated inhibitory effects on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. A molecular docking exercise identified specific compounds in the extracts which possessed binding affinities comparable with therapeutically used HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. In silico and in vivo studies concertedly concluded that the consortium of bioactive components in the extracts cannot be considered as invalid metabolic panaceas and therefore these ‘green’ extracts could be safely subjected to clinical studies as preventive biotherapeutics for hypercholesterolaemia. These extracts could be consumed per se as hypocholesterolaemic supplements or could be ingredients of new spice-based therapeutic foods.

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